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Chapter 1 Development and differentiation of the gastrointestinal system Chapter 2 Stem cells and tissue renewal Chapter 3 Esophagus: anatomy and structural anomalies Chapter 4 Stomach and duodenum: anatomy and structural anomalies Chapter 5 Small intestine: anatomy and structural anomalies Chapter 6 Colon: anatomy and structural anomalies Chapter 7 Pancreas: anatomy and structural anomalies Chapter 8 Abdominal cavity: anatomy, structural anomalies, and hernias Chapter 9 Gallbladder and biliary tract: anatomy and structural anomalies Chapter 10 Liver: anatomy, structural anomalies, and cell types Chapter 11 Gastrointestinal blood flow Chapter 12 Integrative responses of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver to a meal Chapter 13 Gastrointestinal hormones and receptors Chapter 14 The brain–gut axis Chapter 15 The innervation of the gastrointestinal tract Chapter 16 Smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract Chapter 17 The mucosal immune system and gastrointestinal inflammation Chapter 18 Epithelia and gastrointestinal function Chapter 19 Esophageal motor function Chapter 20 Gastric motility and gastric emptying Chapter 21 Motility of the small intestine and colon Chapter 22 Biliary tract motility Chapter 23 Gastric secretion Chapter 24 Small intestine and colon: electrolyte secretion and absorption Chapter 25 Pancreatic secretion Chapter 26 Bile secretion and cholestasis Chapter 27 General nutritional principles Chapter 28 Control of appetite/satiety and energy balance Chapter 29 Nutrient sensing, digestion, and absorption/assimilation Chapter 30 Vitamins and minerals Chapter 31 Neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract Chapter 32 The human intestinal microbiota and microbiome Chapter 33 Drug metabolism, transport, and pharmacogenomics Chapter 34 Clinical decision making Chapter 35 Approach to the patient with dyspepsia and related functional gastrointestinal complaints Chapter 36 Approach to the patient with dysphagia, odynophagia, or noncardiac chest pain Chapter 37 Approach to the patient with unintentional weight loss Chapter 38 Approach to the patient with nausea and vomiting Chapter 39 Approach to the patient with abdominal pain Chapter 40 Approach to the patient with gas and bloating Chapter 41 Approach to the patient with diarrhea Chapter 42 Approach to the patient with constipation Chapter 43 Approach to the patient with acute abdomen Chapter 44 Approach to the patient with GI bleeding Chapter 45 Approach to the patient with abnormal liver chemistries or jaundice Chapter 46 Approach to gastrointestinal and liver diseases in pregnancy Chapter 47 Genetic counseling for gastrointestinal patients Chapter 48 Motility disorders of the esophagus Chapter 49 Gastroesophageal reflux disease Chapter 50 Eosinophilic esophagitis Chapter 51 Esophageal infections and disorders associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Chapter 52 Barrett esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Chapter 53 Esophageal neoplasms Chapter 54 Miscellaneous diseases of the esophagus: foreign bodies, physical injury, and systemic and dermatological diseases Chapter 55 Disorders of gastric emptying Chapter 56 Peptic ulcer disease Chapter 57 Zollinger–Ellison syndrome Chapter 58 Gastritis and gastropathy Chapter 59 Tumors of the stomach Chapter 60 Miscellaneous diseases of the stomach Chapter 61 Dysmotility of the small intestine and colon Chapter 62 Bacterial, viral, and toxic causes of diarrhea, gastroenteritis, and anorectal infections Chapter 63 Chronic infections of the small intestine Chapter 64 Celiac disease Chapter 65 Disorders of epithelial transport, metabolism, and digestion in the small intestine Chapter 66 Bacterial overgrowth Chapter 67 Short bowel syndrome and small bowel transplantation Chapter 68 Tumors of the small intestine Chapter 69 Miscellaneous diseases of the small intestine Chapter 70 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pathogenesis Chapter 71 Ulcerative colitis Chapter 72 Crohn’s disease: clinical manifestation and management Chapter 73 Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease Chapter 74 Microscopic colitis and other miscellaneous inflammatory and structural disorders of the colon Chapter 75 Irritable bowel syndrome Chapter 76 Diverticular disease of the colon Chapter 77 Polyps of the colon and rectum Chapter 78 Malignant tumors of the colon Chapter 79 Polyposis syndromes Chapter 80 Colorectal cancer screening Chapter 81 Anorectal diseases Chapter 82 Acute pancreatitis Chapter 83 Autoimmune pancreatitis Chapter 84 Chronic pancreatitis Chapter 85 Hereditary diseases of the pancreas Chapter 86 Cystic lesions of the pancreas Chapter 87 Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas Chapter 88 Endocrine and other tumors of the pancreas Chapter 89 Gallstones Chapter 90 Primary sclerosing cholangitis and other cholangiopathies Chapter 91 Cystic diseases of the liver and biliary tract Chapter 92 Tumors of the biliary tract Chapter 93 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and postcholecystectomy syndrome Chapter 94 Acute viral hepatitis Chapter 95 Chronic hepatitis B viral infection Chapter 96 Hepatitis C virus infection Chapter 97 Drug–induced liver disease Chapter 98 Acute liver failure Chapter 99 Autoimmune hepatitis Chapter 100 Primary biliary cirrhosis Chapter 101 Hemochromatosis Chapter 102 Metabolic diseases of the liver Chapter 103 Alcoholic liver diseases Chapter 104 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Chapter 105 Hepatic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Chapter 106 Ascites and its complications Chapter 107 Central nervous system and pulmonary complications of end’stage liver disease Chapter 108 Liver transplantation Chapter 109 Hepatocellular carcinoma Chapter 110 Liver abscess Chapter 111 Vascular diseases of the liver Chapter 112 Intraabdominal abscesses and fistulae Chapter 113 Diseases of the peritoneum, retroperitoneum, mesentery, and omentum Chapter 114 Nutritional support Chapter 115 Obesity: treatment and complications Chapter 116 Bariatric surgery Chapter 117 Eating disorders Chapter 118 Complications of AIDS and other immunodeficiency states Chapter 119 Immunological disorders: (a) Food Allergy and hypersensitivity Chapter 120 Immunological disorders: (b) GI complications of organ transplantation and small bowel transplantation Chapter 121 Parasitic diseases: protozoa Chapter 122 Parasitic diseases: helminths Chapter 123 Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of specific genetic disorders Chapter 124 Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic diseases Chapter 125 Skin lesions associated with gastrointestinal and liver diseases Chapter 126 Oral manifestations of gastrointestinal diseases Chapter 127 Gastrointestinal vascular malformations and neoplasms Chapter 128 Intestinal ischemia and vasculitides Chapter 129 Radiation injury in the gastrointestinal tract Chapter 130 Complementary and alternative medicine in gastroenterology Chapter 131 General approach to endoscopy: sedation, monitoring, and preparation Chapter 132 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy Chapter 133 Capsule and small bowel endoscopy Chapter 134 Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy Chapter 135 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: diagnostic and therapeutic Chapter 136 Gastrointestinal dilation and stent placement Chapter 137 Endoscopic approaches to enteral nutrition Chapter 138 Management of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage related to portal hypertension Chapter 139 Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage Chapter 140 Endoscopic therapy for polyps and tumors Chapter 141 Laparoscopy and laparotomy Chapter 142 Submucosal endoscopy: diagnostic and therapeutic Chapter 143 Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) Chapter 144 Plain and contrast radiology Chapter 145 Transabdominal sonography Chapter 146 Endoscopic ultrasonography: diagnostic and therapeutic Chapter 147 Computed tomography of the gastrointestinal tract Chapter 148 Magnetic resonance imaging in the gastrointestinal tract Chapter 149 Positron emission tomography Chapter 150 Radionuclide imaging in the gastrointestinal tract Chapter 151 Abdominal angiography Chapter 152 Interventional radiology Chapter 153 Confocal laser endomicroscopy Chapter 154 Liver biopsy and histopathological diagnosis Chapter 155 Endoscopic mucosal biopsy: histopathological interpretation Chapter 156 Tests of gastric and exocrine pancreatic function and absorption