Edited by Daniel K. Podolsky, Michael Camilleri, J.
Gregory Fitz,
Anthony
N. Kalloo, Fergus Shanahan, Timothy C. Wang
1. ReifeCM. Involuntary weight loss. Med Clin North Am1995;79:299.
2. BourasEP, LangeSM, ScolapioJS. Rational approach to patients with unintentional weight loss. Mayo Clin Proc2001;76:923. CrossRef
3. BalesCW, RitchieCS. Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly. Annu Rev Nutr2002;22:309. CrossRef
4. BrinkworthGD, NoakesM, BuckleyJD, et al.Weight loss improves heart rate recovery in overweight and obese men with features of the metabolic syndrome. Am Heart J2006;152:e1. CrossRef
5. MeltzerAA, EverhartJE. Unintentional weight loss in the United States. Am J Epidemiol1995;142:1039.
6. AlibhaiSM, GreenwoodC, PayetteH. An approach to the management of unintentional weight loss in elderly people. CMAJ2005;172:773. CrossRef
7. ChangJI, KatzPR, AmbroseP. Weight loss in nursing home patients: prognostic implications. J Fam Pract1990;30:671.
8. HarringtonM, GibsonS, CottrellRC. A review and meta‐analysis of the effect of weight loss on all‐cause mortality risk. Nutr Res Rev2009;22:93. CrossRef
9. MullerTD, Perez‐TilveD, TongJ, et al.Ghrelin and its potential in the treatment of eating/wasting disorders and cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle2010;1:159. CrossRef
10. DasSK, HoeflerG. The role of triglyceride lipases in cancer associated cachexia. Trends Mol Med2013;19:292. CrossRef
11. TisdaleMJ. Cachexia in cancer patients. Nat Rev Cancer2002;2:862. CrossRef
12. KotlerDP. Cachexia. Ann Intern Med2000;133:622. CrossRef
13. GuttridgeDC, MayoMW, MadridLV, et al.NF‐kappaB‐induced loss of MyoD messenger RNA: possible role in muscle decay and cachexia. Science2000;289:2363. CrossRef
14. AcharyyaS, LadnerKJ, NelsenLL, et al.Cancer cachexia is regulated by selective targeting of skeletal muscle gene products. J Clin Invest2004;114:370. CrossRef
15. MitchWE, GoldbergAL. Mechanisms of muscle wasting. The role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. N Engl J Med1996;335:1897. CrossRef
16. HernandezJL, MatorrasP, RianchoJA, et al.Involuntary weight loss without specific symptoms: a clinical prediction score for malignant neoplasm. QJM2003;96:649. CrossRef
17. LankischP, GerzmannM, GerzmannJF, et al.Unintentional weight loss: diagnosis and prognosis. The first prospective follow‐up study from a secondary referral centre. J Intern Med2001;249:41. CrossRef
18. MetalidisC, KnockaertDC, BobbaersH, et al.Involuntary weight loss. Does a negative baseline evaluation provide adequate reassurance?Eur J Intern Med2008;19:345. CrossRef
19. BaicusC, IonescuR, TanasescuC. Does this patient have cancer? The assessment of age, anemia, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in cancer as a cause of weight loss. A retrospective study based on a secondary care university hospital in Romania. Eur J Intern Med2006;17:28. CrossRef
20. AgustiA, SorianoJB. COPD as a systemic disease. COPD2008;5:133. CrossRef
21. ShaharDR, SchultzR, ShaharA, et al.The effect of widowhood on weight change, dietary intake, and eating behavior in the elderly population. J Aging Health2001;13:189. CrossRef
22. UmarSB, DiBaiseJK. Protein‐losing enteropathy: case illustrations and clinical review. Am J Gastroenterol2010;105:43; quiz 50. CrossRef
23. WaneboHJ, KennedyBJ, ChmielJ, et al.Cancer of the stomach. A patient care study by the American College of Surgeons. Ann Surg1993;218:583. CrossRef
24. PalmerED. Benign chronic gastric ulcer and weight loss. Am Fam Physician1973;8:109.
25. KauhanenSP, KomarG, SeppanenMP, et al.A prospective diagnostic accuracy study of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, multidetector row computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in primary diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg2009;250:957. CrossRef
26. NamEJ, YunMJ, OhYT, et al.Diagnosis and staging of primary ovarian cancer: correlation between PET/CT, Doppler US, and CT or MRI. Gynecol Oncol2010;116:389. CrossRef
27. ChanWL, RamsaySC, SzetoER, et al.Dual‐time‐point (18)F‐FDG‐PET/CT imaging in the assessment of suspected malignancy. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol2011;55:379. CrossRef
28. HoussamiN, CostelloeCM. Imaging bone metastases in breast cancer: evidence on comparative test accuracy. Ann Oncol2012;23:834. CrossRef
29. LavenderTW, BarrettA, MageeJ, et al.Interferon‐gamma release assays in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis disease in a low‐incident setting: a 5‐year review of data. Clin Microbiol Infect2013;19:1078. CrossRef
30. PaiM, ZwerlingA, MenziesD. Systematic review: T‐cell‐based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an update. Ann Intern Med2008;149:177. CrossRef
31. SharmaSK, MohanA, KadhiravanT. HIV‐TB co‐infection: epidemiology, diagnosis & management. Indian J Med Res2005;121:550.
32. MatsukumaA, FurusawaM, TomodaH, et al.A clinicopathological study of asymptomatic gastric cancer. Br J Cancer1996;74:1647. CrossRef
33. BankheadCR, KehoeST, AustokerJ. Symptoms associated with diagnosis of ovarian cancer: a systematic review. BJOG2005;112:857. CrossRef
34. SzendroiA, TabakA, RieszP, et al.Clinical symptoms related to renal cell carcinoma are independent prognostic factors for intraoperative complications and overall survival. Int Urol Nephrol2009;41:835. CrossRef
35. CroninCG, ScottJ, KambadakoneA, et al.Utility of positron emission tomography/CT in the evaluation of small bowel pathology. Br J Radiol2012;85:1211. CrossRef
36. EllenbergM. Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Diabetes1974;23:418. CrossRef
37. GoldsteinRE, O'NeillJAJr, HolcombGW3rd, et al.Clinical experience over 48 years with pheochromocytoma. Ann Surg1999;229:755. CrossRef
38. RabinovitzM, PitlikSD, LeiferM, et al.Unintentional weight loss. A retrospective analysis of 154 cases. Arch Intern Med1986;146:186. CrossRef
39. BiolatoM, MieleL, GasbarriniG, et al.Abdominal angina. Am J Med Sci2009;338:389. CrossRef
40. Mijan‐de‐la‐TorreA. Recent insights on chronic heart failure, cachexia and nutrition. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care2009;12:251. CrossRef
41. AnkerSD, PonikowskiP, VarneyS, et al.Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure. Lancet1997;349:1050. CrossRef
42. HallinR, GudmundssonG, Suppli UlrikC, et al.Nutritional status and long‐term mortality in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Med2007;101:1954. CrossRef
43. KashiharaK. Weight loss in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol2006;253(Suppl 7):VII38. CrossRef
44. KaleN, EggenbergerE. Diagnosis and management of giant cell arteritis: a review. Curr Opin Ophthalmol2010;21:417. CrossRef
45. ThompsonMP, MorrisLK. Unexplained weight loss in the ambulatory elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc1991;39:497. CrossRef
46. MorleyJE, KraenzleD. Causes of weight loss in a community nursing home. J Am Geriatr Soc1994;42:583. CrossRef
47. BeekmanAT, CopelandJR, PrinceMJ. Review of community prevalence of depression in later life. Br J Psychiatry1999;174:307. CrossRef
48. SazP, DeweyME. Depression, depressive symptoms and mortality in persons aged 65 and over living in the community: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry2001;16:622. CrossRef
49. MikkelsenEJ, AlbertLG, UpadhyayaA. Neuroleptic‐withdrawal cachexia. N Engl J Med1988;318:929.
50. AddoloratoG, CapristoE, GrecoAV, et al.Influence of chronic alcohol abuse on body weight and energy metabolism: is excess ethanol consumption a risk factor for obesity or malnutrition?J Intern Med1998;244:387. CrossRef
51. BudneyAJ, HughesJR, MooreBA, et al.Review of the validity and significance of cannabis withdrawal syndrome. Am J Psychiatry2004;161:1967. CrossRef
52. FerreiraIM, BrooksD, WhiteJ, et al.Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2012;(12):CD000998.
53. BaldwinC, SpiroA, AhernR, et al.Oral nutritional interventions in malnourished patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst2012;104:371. CrossRef
54. YehS, WuSY, LevineDM, et al.Quality of life and stimulation of weight gain after treatment with megestrol acetate: correlation between cytokine levels and nutritional status, appetite in geriatric patients with wasting syndrome. J Nutr Health Aging2000;4:246.
55. GarciaJM, FriendJ, AllenS. Therapeutic potential of anamorelin, a novel, oral ghrelin mimetic, in patients with cancer‐related cachexia: a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, crossover, pilot study. Support Care Cancer2013;21:129. CrossRef
56. MikiK, MaekuraR, NagayaN, et al.Ghrelin treatment of cachectic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. PLoS ONE2012;7:e35708. CrossRef