Yamada’s Textbook of Gastroenterology

Sixth Edition

Edited by Daniel K. Podolsky,
Michael Camilleri, J. Gregory Fitz,
Anthony N. Kalloo, Fergus Shanahan, Timothy C. Wang

References

Approach to the patient with nausea and vomiting

1. MunchS, KorstLM, HernandezGD, et al.Health‐related quality of life in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: the importance of psychosocial context. J Perinatol2011;31:10. CrossRef

2. HaideraliA, MendittoL, GoodM, et al.Impact on daily functioning and indirect/direct costs associated with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in a U.S. population. Supp Care Cancer2011;19:843. CrossRef

3. Fernandez‐OrtegaP, CalotoMT, ChirvechesE, et al.Chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in clinical practice: impact on patients’ quality of life. Supp Care Cancer2012;20:3141. CrossRef

4. GadsbyR, Barnie‐AdsheadAM, JaggerC. A prospective study of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Br J Gen Pract1993;43:245.

5. KallenB, LundbergG, AbergA. Relationship between vitamin use, smoking, and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand2003;82:916. CrossRef

6. CraverC, GayleJ, BaluS, et al.Clinical and economic burden of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting among patients with cancer in a hospital outpatient setting in the United States. J Med Econ2011;14:87. CrossRef

7. DzwonczykR, WeaverTE, PuenteEG, et al.Postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis from an economic point of view. Am J Ther2012;19:11. CrossRef

8. BorisonHL, WangSC. Physiology and pharmacology of vomiting. Pharmacol Rev1953;5:193.

9. AndersonHD, PaceWE, LibbyAM, et al.Rates of 5 common antidepressant side effects among new adult and adolescent cases of depression: a retrospective US claims study. Clin Ther2012;34:113. CrossRef

10. GrunbergSM, DeusonRR, MavrosP, et al.Incidence of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and emesis after modern antiemetics. Cancer2004;100:2261. CrossRef

11. SchwartzbergLS, JacobsP, MatsuokaP, et al.The role of second‐generation 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists in managing chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in hematological malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol2012;83:59. CrossRef

12. DranitsarisG, BouganimN, MilanoC, et al.Prospective validation of a prediction tool for identifying patients at high risk for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. J Supp Oncol2013;11:14.

13. RoscoeJA, HickokJT, MorrowGR. Patient expectations as predictor of chemotherapy‐induced nausea. Ann Behav Med2000;22:121. CrossRef

14. HigaGM, AuberML, HobbsG. Identification of a novel marker associated with risk for delayed chemotherapy‐induced vomiting. Supp Care Cancer2012;20:2803. CrossRef

15. GiddaJS, EvansDC, CohenML, et al.Antagonism of serotonin3 (5‐HT3) receptors within the blood‐brain barrier prevents cisplatin‐induced emesis in dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther1995;273:695.

16. FaschingPA, KollmannsbergerB, StrisselPL, et al.Polymorphisms in the novel serotonin receptor subunit gene HTR3C show different risks for acute chemotherapy‐induced vomiting after anthracycline chemotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol2008;134:1079. CrossRef

17. RojasC, SlusherBS. Pharmacological mechanisms of 5‐HT3 and tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonism to prevent chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol2012;684:1. CrossRef

18. GreerAL, DrewsSJ, FismanDN. Why “winter” vomiting disease? Seasonality, hydrology, and Norovirus epidemiology in Toronto, Canada. Ecohealth2009;6:192. CrossRef

19. MarkeyPG, DavisJS, HarnettGB, et al.Meningitis and a febrile vomiting illness caused by echovirus type 4, Northern Territory, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis2010;16:63. CrossRef

20. NobregaAC, FerreiraBR, OliveriaGJ, et al.Dyspeptic symptoms and delayed gastric emptying of solids in patients with inactive Crohn's disease. BMC Gastroenterol2012;12:175. CrossRef

21. HaslerWL, WilsonLA, ParkmanHP, et al.Factors related to abdominal pain in gastroparesis: contrast to patients with predominant nausea and vomiting. Neurogastroenterol Motil2013;25:427. CrossRef

22. ParkmanHP, YatesKP, HaslerWL, et al.Dietary intake and nutritional deficiencies in patients with diabetic or idiopathic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology2011;141:486. CrossRef

23. HaslerWL. Gastroparesis: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol2011;8:438. CrossRef

24. HorowitzM, MaddoxAF, WishartJM, et al.Relationships between esophageal transit and solid and liquid gastric emptying in diabetes mellitus. Eur J Nuc Med1991;18:229–234.

25. KeshavarzianA, IberFL, VaethJ. Gastric emptying in patients with insulin‐requiring diabetes mellitus. Am J Gastroenterol1987;82:29.

26. HorowitzM, HardingPE, MaddoxAF, et al.Gastric and esophageal emptying in patients with Type 2 (noninsulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia1989;32:151. CrossRef

27. ChoungRS, LockeGR, SchleckCD, et al.Risk of gastroparesis in subjects with type 1 and 2 diabetes in the general population. Am J Gastroenterol2012;107:82. CrossRef

28. ParkmanHP, YatesK, HaslerWL, et al.Clinical features of idiopathic gastroparesis vary with sex, body mass, symptom onset, delay in gastric emptying, and gastroparesis severity. Gastroenterology2011;140:101. CrossRef

29. SigurdssonL, FloresA, PutnamPE, et al.Postviral gastroparesis: presentation, treatment, and outcome. J Pediatrics1997;131:751. CrossRef

30. JungHK, ChoungRS, LockeGR, et al.The incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of patients with gastroparesis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1996 to 2006. Gastroenterology2009;136:1225. CrossRef

31. WangYR, FisherRS, ParkmanHP. Gastroparesis‐related hospitalizations in the United States: trends, characteristics, and outcomes, 1995‐2004. Am J Gastroenterol2008;103:313. CrossRef

32. UppalapatiSS, RamzanZ, FisherRS, et al.Factors contributing to hospitalization for gastroparesis exacerbations. Dig Dis Sci2009;54:2404. CrossRef

33. PasrichaPJ, ColvinR, YatesK, et al.Characteristics of patients with chronic unexplained nausea and vomiting and normal gastric emptying. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2011;9:567. CrossRef

34. O’GradyG, AngeliTR, DuP, et al.Abnormal initiation and conduction of slow‐wave activity in gastroparesis, defined by high‐resolution electrical mapping. Gastroenterology2012;143:589. CrossRef

35. HaslerWL, ParkmanHP, WilsonLA, et al.Psychological dysfunction is associated with symptom severity but not disease etiology or degree of gastric retention in patients with gastroparesis. Am J Gastroenterol2010;105:2357. CrossRef

36. VerrengiaM, SachdevaP, GaughanJ, et al.Variation of symptoms during the menstrual cycle in female patients with gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil2011;23:625. CrossRef

37. BoazM, KislovJ, DickmanR, et al.Obesity and symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis in patients with type 2 diabetes and neuropathy. J Diab Comp2011;25:325. CrossRef

38. GroverM, FarrugiaG, LurkenMS, et al.Cellular changes in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. Gastroenterology2011;140:1575. CrossRef

39. Faussone‐PelligriniMS, GroverM, PasrichaPJ, et al.Ultrastructural differences between diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. J Cell Mol Med2012;16:1573. CrossRef

40. TackJ, TalleyNJ, CamilleriM, et al.Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology2006;130:1466. CrossRef

41. AbellTL, AdamsKA, BolesRG, et al.Cyclic vomiting syndrome in adults. Neurogastroenterol Motil2008;20:269. CrossRef

42. LeeLY, AbbottL, MahlanguB, et al.The management of cyclic vomiting syndrome: a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol2012;24:1001. CrossRef

43. HejaziRA, LavenbergTH, McCallumRW. Spectrum of gastric emptying patterns in adult patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil2010;22:1298. CrossRef

44. HejaziRA, LavenbergTH, ForanP, et al.Who are the non‐responders to standard treatment with tricyclic antidepressant agents for cyclic vomiting syndrome in adults? A large single center experience. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2010;31:295.

45. KumarN, CasharQ, ReddyN, et al.Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS): is there a difference based on onset of symptoms–pediatric versus adult?BMC Gastroenterol2012;12:52. CrossRef

46. VenkatesanT, TarbellS, AdamsK, et al.A survey of emergency department use in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome. BMC Emerg Med2010;10:4. CrossRef

47. BolesRG, PowersAL, AdamsK. Cyclic vomiting syndrome plus. J Child Neurol2006;21:182.

48. VenkatesanT, PrietoT, BarboiA, et al.Autonomic nerve function in adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome: a prospective study. Neurogastroenterol Motil2010;22:1303. CrossRef

49. BolesRG, ZakiEA, LavenbergT, et al.Are pediatric and adult‐onset cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) biologically different conditions? Relationship of adult‐onset CVS with the migraine and pediatric CVS‐associated common mtDNA polymorphisms 16519T and 3010A. Neurogastroenterol Motil2009;21:936. CrossRef

50. ChewS, BalasubramanianR, ChenWM, et al.A novel syndrome caused by the E410K amino acid substitution in the neuronal‐tubulin isotype 3. Brain2013;136:522. CrossRef

51. BolesRG, BaldwinEE, PrezantTR. Combined cyclic vomiting and Kearns‐Sayre syndrome. Pediatr Neurol2007;36:135. CrossRef

52. ChoungRS, LockeGR, LeeRM, et al.Cyclic vomiting syndrome and functional vomiting in adults: association with cannabinoid use in males. Neurogastroenterol Motil2012;24:20. CrossRef

53. SimonettoDA, OxentenkoAS, HermanM, et al.Cannabinoid hyperemesis: a case series of 98 patients. Mayo Clin Proc2012;87:114. CrossRef

54. Soriano‐CoM, BatkeM, CappellMS. The cannabis hyperemesis syndrome characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and compulsive bathing associated with chronic marijuana use: a report of eight cases in the United States. Dig Dis Sci2010;55:3113. CrossRef

55. GalliJA, SawayaRA, FriedenbergFK. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Curr Drug Abuse Rev2011;4:241. CrossRef

56. TalleyNJ, ZinsmeisterAR, SchleckCD, et al.Dyspepsia and dyspepsia subgroups: a population based study. Gastroenterology1992;102:1259.

57. ZhaoY, KeM, WangZ, et al.Pathophysiological and psychosocial study in patients with functional vomiting. J Neurogastroenterol Motil2010;16:274. CrossRef

58. Delgado‐ArosS, CamilleriM, CremoniniF, et al.Contributions of gastric volumes and gastric emptying to meal size and postmeal symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology2004;127:1685. CrossRef

59. JanssenP, HarrisMS, JonesM, et al.The relation between symptom improvement and gastric emptying in the treatment of diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. Am J Gastroenterol2013;108:1382. CrossRef

60. BredenoordAJ, ChialHJ, CamilleriM, et al.Gastric accommodation and emptying in the evaluation of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2003;1:264. CrossRef

61. TackJ, BlondeauK, BoeckxstaensV, et al.Review article: the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and management of rumination syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2011;33:782. CrossRef

62. LeeH, RheePL, ParkEH, et al.Clinical outcome of rumination syndrome in adults without psychiatric illness: a prospective study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol2007;22:1741. CrossRef

63. O’BrienMD, BruceBK, CamilleriM. The rumination syndrome: clinical features rather than manometric diagnosis. Gastroenterology1995;108:1024. CrossRef

64. MalcolmA, ThumshirnMB, CamilleriM, et al.Rumination syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc1997;72:646. CrossRef

65. KhanS, HymanPE, CocjinJ, et al.Rumination syndrome in adolescents. J Pediatr2000;136:528. CrossRef

66. RajindrajithS, DevanarayanaNM, CrispusP, et al.Rumination syndrome in children and adolescents: a school survey assessing prevalence and symptomatology. BMC Gastroenterol2012;12:163. CrossRef

67. ThumshirnM, CamilleriM, HansonRB, et al.Gastric mechanosensory and lower esophageal sphincter function in rumination syndrome. Am J Physiol1998;275:G314.

68. SmoutAJ, BreumelhofR. Voluntary induction of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations in an adult patient with the rumination syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol1990;85:1621.

69. LacroixR, EasonE, MelzackR. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: a prospective study of its frequency, intensity, and patterns of change. Am J Obstet Gynecol2000;182:931. CrossRef

70. KramerJ, BowenA, StewartN, et al.Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: prevalence, severity and relation to psychosocial health. Am J Mat Child Nurs2013;38:21. CrossRef

71. NaumannCR, ZeligC, NapolitanoPG, et al.Nausea, vomiting, and heartburn in pregnancy: a prospective look at risk, treatment, and outcome. J Mat Fetal Neonat Med2012;25:1488. CrossRef

72. HaugenM, VikanesA, BrantsaeterAL, et al.Diet before pregnancy and the risk of hyperemesis hypergravidarum. Br J Nutr2011;106:596. CrossRef

73. Latva‐PukkilaU, IsolauriE, LaitinenK. Dietary and clinical impacts of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. J Human Nutr Diet2010;23:69. CrossRef

74. ZhangY, CantorRM, MacGibbonK, et al.Familial aggregation of hyperemesis gravidarum. Am J Obstet Gynecol2011;204:230.

75. VeenendaalMV, van AbeelenAF, PainterRC, et al.Consequences of hyperemesis gravidarum for offspring: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. BJOG2011;118:1302. CrossRef

76. TanPC, TanNC, OmarSZ. Effect of high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin and estradiol on the severity of hyperemesis gravidarum. Clin Chem Lab Med2009;47:165.

77. Jarnfelt‐SamsioeA, SamsioeG. Velinder GM. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy–a contribution to its epidemiology. Gynecol Obstet Invest1983;16:221. CrossRef

78. CarlsenSM, VankyE, JacobsenG. Nausea and vomiting associate with increasing maternal androgen levels in otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand2003;82:225. CrossRef

79. AkaN, AtalayS, SayharmanS, et al.Leptin and leptin receptor levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol2006;46:274. CrossRef

80. GadsbyR, Barnie‐AdsheadA, GrammatoppoulosD, et al.Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: an association between symptoms and maternal prostaglandin E2. Gynecol Obstet Invest2000;50:149. CrossRef

81. Engin‐UstunY, TongucE, VarT, et al.Vaspin and C‐reactive protein levels in hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci2013;17:138.

82. LagiouP, TamimiR, MucciLA, et al.Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy in relation to prolactin, estrogens, and progesterone: a prospective study. Obstet Gynecol2003;101:639. CrossRef

83. WibowoN, PurwosunuY, SekizawaA, et al.Vitamin B6 supplementation in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. Int J Gynaecol Obstet2012;116:206. CrossRef

84. KaradenizRS, OzdegirmenciO, AltayM, et al.Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and stool antigen in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. Inf Dis Obstet Gynecol2006;2006:73073.

85. GoeckeTW, EkiciAB, NieslerB, et al.Two naturally occurring variants of the serotonin receptor gene HTR3C are associated with nausea in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand2010;89:7. CrossRef

86. ApfelCC, HeidrichFM, Jukar‐RaoS, et al.Evidence‐based analysis of risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anesthesia2012;109:742. CrossRef

87. ApfelCC, PhilipBK, CakmakkayaOS, et al.Who is at risk for postdischarge nausea and vomiting after ambulatory surgery?Anesthesiology2012;117:475. CrossRef

88. JanickiPK, VealeyR, LiuJ, et al.Genome‐wide association study using pooled DNA to identify candidate markers mediating susceptibility to postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology2011;115:54. CrossRef

89. RueffertH, ThiemeV, WallenbornJ, et al.Do variations in the 5‐HT3A and 5‐HT3B serotonin receptor genes (HTR3A and HTR3B) influence the occurrence of postoperative vomiting?Anesth Analg2009;109:1442. CrossRef

90. KackerV, GuptaYK. An experimental model to study intracranial hypertension‐induced vomiting in conscious dogs. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol1996;18:315.

91. MatchockRL, LevineME, GianarosPJ, et al.Susceptibility to motion sickness as a function of the menstrual cycle. Womens Health Iss2008;18:328. CrossRef

92. AntielRM, RismaJM, GrotheRM, et al.Orthostatic intolerance and gastrointestinal motility in adolescents with nausea and abdominal pain. J Pediat Gastroenterol Nutr2008;46:285. CrossRef

93. FullerEE, AlemuR, HarperJF, et al.Relation of nausea and vomiting in acute myocardial infarction to location of the infarct. Am J Cardiol2009;104:1638. CrossRef

94. Dalle GraveR, CalugiS, MarchesiniG. Self‐induced vomiting in eating disorders: associated features and treatment outcome. Behav Res Ther2009;47:680. CrossRef

95. RevickiDA, CamilleriM, KuoB, et al.Evaluating symptom outcomes in gastroparesis clinical trials: validity and responsiveness of the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index–Daily Diary (GCSI‐DD). Neurogastroenterol Motil2012;24:456. CrossRef

96. DhamijaR, TanKM, PittockSJ, et al.Serologic profiles aiding the diagnosis of autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2008;6:988. CrossRef

97. LiBU, LefevreF, ChelimskyGG, et al.North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of cyclic vomiting syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol2008;47:379. CrossRef

98. TougasG, EakerEY, AbellTL, et al.Assessment of gastric emptying using a low fat meal: establishment of international control values. Am J Gastroenterol2000;95:1456. CrossRef

99. AbellTL, CamilleriM, DonohoeK, et al.Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy: a joint report of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine. Am J Gastroenterol2008;103:753. CrossRef

100. GuoJP, MaurerAH, FisherRS, et al.Extending gastric emptying scintigraphy from two to four hours detects more patients with gastroparesis. Dig Dis Sci2001;46:24. CrossRef

101. SachdevaP, MalhotraN, PathikondaM, et al.Gastric emptying of solids and liquids for evaluation for gastroparesis. Dig Dis Sci2011;56:1138. CrossRef

102. GalilMA, CritchleyM, MackieCR. Isotope gastric emptying tests in clinical practice: expectation, outcome, and utility. Gut1993;34:916. CrossRef

103. CorinaldesiR, StanghelliniV, RaitiC, et al.Effect of chronic administration of cisapride on gastric emptying of a solid meal and on dyspeptic symptoms in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Gut1987;28:300. CrossRef

104. JianR, DucrotF, RuskoneA, et al.Symptomatic, radionuclide and therapeutic assessment of chronic idiopathic dyspepsia. A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled evaluation of cisapride. Dig Dis Sci1989;34:657. CrossRef

105. KhayyamU, SachdevaP, GomezJ, et al.Assessment of symptoms during gastric emptying scintigraphy to correlate symptoms to delayed gastric emptying. Neurogastroenterol Motil2010;22:539.

106. HyettB, MartinezFJ, GillBM, et al.Delayed radionucleotide gastric emptying studies predict morbidity in diabetics with symptoms of gastroparesis. Gastroenterology2009;137:445. CrossRef

107. BharuchaAE, CamilleriM, ForstromL, et al.Relationship between clinical features and gastric emptying disturbances in diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol2009;70:415. CrossRef

108. KuoB, McCallumRW, KochKL, et al.Comparison of gastric emptying of a nondigestible capsule to a radio‐labelled meal in healthy and gastroparetic subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2008;27:186. CrossRef

109. SarosiekI, SeloverKH, KatzLA, et al.The assessment of regional gut transit times in healthy controls and patients with gastroparesis using wireless motility technology. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2010;31:313.

110. SzarkaLA, CamilleriM, VellaA, et al.A stable isotope breath test with a standard meal for abnormal gastric emptying of solids in the clinic and in research. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2008;6:635. CrossRef

111. KessingBF, GovaertF, MascleeAA, et al.Impedance measurements and high‐resolution manometry help to better define rumination episodes. Scand J Gastroenterol2011;46:1310. CrossRef

112. CamilleriM, HaslerWL, ParkmanHP, et al.Measurement of gastrointestinal motility in the GI laboratory. Gastroenterology1998;115:747. CrossRef

113. CamilleriM, MalageladaJR. Abnormal intestinal motility in diabetics with the gastroparesis syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest1984;14:420. CrossRef

114. ChialHJ, CamilleriM, WilliamsDE, et al.Rumination syndrome in children and adolescents: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Pediatrics2003;111:158. CrossRef

115. SofferE, ThongsawatS. Clinical value of duodenojejunal manometry. Its usefulness in diagnosis and management of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Dig Dis Sci1996;41:859. CrossRef

116. ParkmanHP, HaslerWL, BarnettJL, et al.American Motility Society Clinical GI Motility Testing Task Force. Electrogastrography: a document prepared by the gastric section of the American Motility Society Clinical GI Motility Testing Task Force. Neurogastroenterol Motil2003;15:89. CrossRef

117. TackJ, CaenepeelP, PiessevauxH, et al.Assessment of meal induced gastric accommodation by a satiety drinking test in health and in severe functional dyspepsia. Gut2003;52:1271. CrossRef

118. FidlerJ, BharuchaAE, CamilleriM, et al.Application of magnetic resonance imaging to measure fasting and postprandial volumes in humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil2009;21:42. CrossRef

119. ReddymasuSC, McCallumRW. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in gastroparesis: are there any predictors?J Clin Gastroenterol2010;44:e8. CrossRef

120. BeniniL, CastellaniG, BrighentiF, et al.Gastric emptying of a solid meal is accelerated by the removal of dietary fibre naturally present in food. Gut1995;36:825. CrossRef

121. SharmaD, MorrisonG, JosephF, et al.The role of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Diabetologia2011;54:2768. CrossRef

122. CheungBS, HeskinR, HoferKD. Failure of cetirizine and fexofenadine to prevent motion sickness. Ann Pharmacother2003;37:173. CrossRef

123. SimmonsK, ParkmanHP. Granisetron transdermal system improves refractory nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis. Dig Dis Sci2014;59:1231. CrossRef

124. BabaogluMO, BayarB, AynaciogluAS, et al.Association of the ABCB1 3435C>T polymorphism with antiemetic efficacy of 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 antagonists. Clin Pharmacol Ther2005;78:619. CrossRef

125. JanickiPK, SchulerHG, JarzembowskiTM, et al.Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting with granisetron and dolasetron in relation to CYP2D6 genotype. Anesth Analg2006;102:1127. CrossRef

126. NavaviRM. Management of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting: focus on newer agents and new uses for older agents. Drugs2013;73:249. CrossRef

127. FahlerJ, WallGC, LemanBI. Gastroparesis‐associated refractory nausea treated with aprepitant. Ann Pharmacother2012;46:e38. CrossRef

128. NavariRM. Role of neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists in chemotherapy‐induced emesis: summary of clinical trials. Cancer Invest2004;22:569. CrossRef

129. ParkerLA, KwiatkowskaM, BurtonP, et al.Effect of cannabinoids on lithium‐induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus (house musk shrew). Psychopharmacology (Berl)2004;171:156. CrossRef

130. HaniadkaR, RajeevA, GovindarajuP, et al.Zingiber officinale (ginger) as an anti‐emetic in cancer chemotherapy: a review. J Altern Comp Med2012;18:440. CrossRef

131. BradenB, CasparyW, BornerN, et al.Clinical effects of STW 5 (Iberogast) are not based on acceleration of gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil2009;21:632. CrossRef

132. LeeA, KuoB. Metoclopramide in the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Exp Rev Endocrinol Metab2010;5:653. CrossRef

133. JavidFA, BulmerDC, BroadJ, et al.Anti‐emetic and emetic effects of erythromycin in Suncus murinus: role of vagal nerve activation, gastric motility stimulation and motilin receptors. Eur J Pharmacol2013;699:48. CrossRef

134. RayWA, MurrayKT, MeredithS, et al.Oral erythromycin and the risk of sudden death from cardiac causes. N Engl J Med2004;351:1089. CrossRef

135. StrausSM, SturkenboomMC, BleuminkGS, et al.Non‐cardiac QTc‐prolonging drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J2005;26:2007. CrossRef

136. SoudahHC, HaslerWL, OwyangC. Effect of octreotide on intestinal motility and bacterial overgrowth in scleroderma. N Engl J Med1991;325:1461. CrossRef

137. Foxx‐OrensteinA, CamilleriM, StephensD, et al.Effect of somatostatin analog on gastric motor and sensory functions in healthy humans. Gut2003;52:1555. CrossRef

138. PrakashC, LustmanPJ, FreedlandKE, et al.Tricyclic antidepressants for functional nausea and vomiting: clinical outcome in 37 patients. Dig Dis Sci1998;43:1951. CrossRef

139. SawhneyMS, PrakashC, LustmanPJ, et al.Tricyclic antidepressants for chronic vomiting in diabetic patients. Dig Dis Sci2007;52:418. CrossRef

140. ChenCC, LinCS, KoYP, et al.Premedication with mirtazapine reduces preoperative anxiety and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg2008;106:109. CrossRef

141. KaneishiK, KawabataM, MoritaT. Olanzapine for the relief of nausea in patients with advanced cancer and incomplete bowel obstruction. J Pain Symp Manage2012;44:604. CrossRef

142. FedorowiczZ, JagannathVA, CarterB. Antiemetics for reducing vomiting related to acute gastroenteritis in children and adolescents. Cochrane Data Sys Rev2011;9:CD005506.

143. AbellTL, BernsteinRK, CuttsT, et al.Treatment of gastroparesis: a multidisciplinary clinical review. Neurogastroenterol Motil2006;18:263. CrossRef

144. SugumarA, SinghA, PasrichaPJ. A systematic review of the efficacy of domperidone for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2008;6:726. CrossRef

145. ParkmanHP, Van NattaM, AbellTL, et al.Effect of nortriptyline on symptoms of idiopathic gastroparesis: the NORIG randomized clinical trial. JAMA2013;310:2640. CrossRef

146. AnaparthyR, PehlivanovN, GradyJ, et al.Gastroparesis and gastroparesis‐like syndrome: response to therapy and its predictors. Dig Dis Sci2009;54:1003. CrossRef

147. ColeskiR, AndersonMA, HaslerWL. Factors associated with symptom response to pyloric injection of botulinum toxin in a large series of gastroparesis patients. Dig Dis Sci2009;54:2634. CrossRef

148. ArtsJ, HolvoetL, CaenepeelP, et al.Clinical trial: a randomized‐controlled crossover study of intrapyloric injection of botulinum toxin in gastroparesis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2007;26:1251. CrossRef

149. FriedenbergFK, PalitA, ParkmanHP, et al.Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of delayed gastric emptying. Am J Gastroenterol2008;103:416. CrossRef

150. HaslerWL. Methods of gastric electrical stimulation and pacing: a review of their benefits and mechanisms of action in gastroparesis and obesity. Neurogastroenterol Motil2009;21:229. CrossRef

151. MarankiJL, LytesV, MeilahnJE, et al.Predictive factors for clinical improvement with Enterra gastric electrical stimulation treatment for refractory gastroparesis. Dig Dis Sci2008;53:2072. CrossRef

152. AbellT, McCallumR, HockingM, et al.Gastric electrical stimulation for medically refractory gastroparesis. Gastroenterology2003;125:421. CrossRef

153. McCallumRW, SnapeW, BrodyF, et al.Gastric electrical stimulation with Enterra therapy improves symptoms from diabetic gastroparesis in a prospective study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2010;8:947. CrossRef

154. McCallumRW, SarosiekI, ParkmanHP, et al.Gastric electrical stimulation with Enterra therapy improves symptoms of idiopathic gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil2013;25:815. CrossRef

155. HibbardML, DunstCM, SwanstromLL. Laparoscopic and endoscopic pyloroplasty for gastroparesis results in sustained symptom improvement. J Gastrointest Surg2011;15:1513. CrossRef

156. EckhauserFE, ConradM, KnolJA, et al.Safety and long‐term durability of completion gastrectomy in 81 patients with postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome. Am Surg1998;64:711.

157. ZehetnerJ, RavariF, AyaziS, et al.Minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of gastroparesis. Surg Endosc2013;27:61. CrossRef

158. FontanaRJ, BarnettJL. Jejunostomy tube placement in refractory diabetic gastroparesis: a retrospective review. Am J Gastroenterol1996;91:2174.

159. StanghelliniV, CogliandroRF, De GiorgioR, et al.Natural history of intestinal failure induced by chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction. Tranplant Proc2010;42:15. CrossRef

160. HejaziRA, McCallumRW. Review article: cyclic vomiting syndrome in adults–rediscovering and redefining an old entity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2011;34:263. CrossRef

161. KowalczykM, ParkmanH, WardL. Adult cyclic vomiting syndrome successfully treated with intranasal sumatriptan. J Gen Intern Med2010;25:88. CrossRef

162. HikitaT, KodamaH, KanekoS, et al.Sumatriptan as a treatment for cyclic vomiting syndrome: a clinical trial. Cephalalgia2011;31:504. CrossRef

163. HejaziRA, ReddymasuSC, NaminF, et al.Efficacy of tricyclic antidepressant therapy in adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome: a two‐year follow‐up study. J Clin Gastroenterol2010;44:18. CrossRef

164. ClouseRE, SayukGS, LustmanPJ, et al.Zonisamide or levetiracetam for adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome: a case series. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2007;5:44. CrossRef

165. LevittM, WarrD, YelleL, et al.Ondansetron compared with dexamethasone and metoclopramide as antiemetics in the chemotherapy of breast cancer with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. N Engl J Med1993;328:1081. CrossRef

166. PatelA, SayukGS, KushnirVM, et al.Sensory neuromodulators in functional nausea and vomiting: predictors of response. Postgrad Med J2013;89:131. CrossRef

167. ChitkaraDK, Van TilburgM, WhiteheadWE, et al.Teaching diaphragmatic breathing for rumination syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol2006;101:2449. CrossRef

168. TuckerE, KnowlesK, WrightJ, et al.Rumination variations: aetiology and classification of abnormal behavioural responses to digestive symptoms based on high‐resolution manometry studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther2013;37:263. CrossRef

169. BlondeauK, BoecxstaensV, RommelN, et al.Baclofen improves symptoms and reduces postprandial flow events in patients with rumination and supragastric belching. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2012;10:379. CrossRef

170. OelschlagerBK, ChanMM, EubanksTR, et al.Effective treatment of rumination with Nissen fundoplication. J Gastrointest Surg2002;6:638. CrossRef

171. ChandraK, MageeL, EinarsonA, et al.Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: results of a survey that identified interventions used by women to alleviate their symptoms. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol2003;24:71. CrossRef

172. MatthewsA, DowswellT, HaasD, et al.Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Data Sys Rev2010;9:CD007575.

173. GucluS, GolM, DoganE, et al.Mirtazapine use in resistant hyperemesis gravidarum: report of three cases and review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet2005;272:298. CrossRef

174. KlebanoffMA, MillsJL. Is vomiting during pregnancy teratogenic?Br Med J1986;292:724. CrossRef

175. AnderkaM, MitchellAA, LouikC, et al.Medications used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects. Birth Def Res2012;94:22. CrossRef

176. JednakMA, ShadigianEM, KimMS, et al.Protein meals reduce nausea and gastric slow wave dysrhythmic activity in first trimester pregnancy. Am J Physiol1999;277:G855.

177. BorrelliF, CapassoR, AvielloG, et al.Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol2005;105:849. CrossRef

178. SahaS, LorangerD, PricoloV, et al.Feeding jejunostomy for the treatment of severe hyperemesis gravidarum: a case series. J Paren Enter Nutr2009;33:529. CrossRef

179. PirriC, BaylissE, TrotterJ, et al.Nausea still the poor relation in antiemetic therapy? The impact on cancer patients’ quality of life and psychological adjustment of nausea, vomiting and appetite loss, individually and concurrently as part of a symptom cluster. Supp Care Cancer2013;21:735. CrossRef

180. AaproMS, SchmollHJ, JahnF, et al.Review of the efficacy of aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in a range of tumor types. Cancer Treat Rev2013;39:113. CrossRef

181. FabiA, MalagutiP. An update on palonosetron hydrochloride for the treatment of radio/chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Exp Opin Pharmacother2013;14:629. CrossRef

182. SekineI, SegawaY, KubotaK, et al.Risk factors of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting: index for personalized antiemetic prophylaxis. Cancer Sci2013;104:711. CrossRef

183. HammerC, FaschingPA, LoehbergCR, et al.Polymorphism in HTR3D shows different risks for acute chemotherapy‐induced vomiting after anthracycline chemotherapy. Pharmacogenomics2010;11:943. CrossRef

184. LevineME, GillisMG, KochSY, et al.Protein and ginger for the treatment of chemotherapy‐induced delayed nausea. J Altern Comp Med2008;14:545. CrossRef

185. FeyerPC, MaranzanoE, MolassiotisA, et al.Radiotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (RINV): MASCC/ESMO guideline for antiemetics in radiotherapy: update 2009. Supp Care Cancer2011, 19(Suppl 1):S5. CrossRef

186. CarlisleJB, StevensonCA. Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Data Sys Rev2006;3:CD004125.

187. ApfelCC, KorttilaK, AbdallaM, et al.A factorial trial of six interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. N Engl J Med2004;350:2441. CrossRef

188. ChoiEM, LeeMG, LeeSH, et al.Association of ABCB1 polymorphisms with the efficacy of ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia2010;65:996. CrossRef

189. HabibAS, GanTJ. Evidence‐based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review. Can J Anaesth2004;51:326. CrossRef

190. RawlinsonA, KitchinghamN, HartC, et al.Mechanisms of reducing postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of current techniques. Evid Based Med2012;17:75. CrossRef

191. EjskjaerN, WoJ, EsfandyariT, et al.A phase 2a, randomized, double‐blind 28‐day study of TZP‐102 a ghrelin receptor agonist for diabetic gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil2013;25:e140. CrossRef

192. ShinA, CamilleriM, BusciglioI, et al.The ghrelin agonist RM‐131 accelerates gastric emptying of solids and reduces symptoms in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2013;11:1453. CrossRef

193. LinZ, SarosiekI, ForsterJ, et al.Two‐channel gastric pacing in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil2011;23:912. CrossRef