Yamada’s Textbook of Gastroenterology

Sixth Edition

Edited by Daniel K. Podolsky,
Michael Camilleri, J. Gregory Fitz,
Anthony N. Kalloo, Fergus Shanahan, Timothy C. Wang

References

Surgical treatment of infl ammatory bowel disease

1. FarmerRG, HawkWA, TurnbullRBJr. Clinical patterns in Crohn's disease: a statistical study of 615 cases. Gastroenterology1975;68:627.

2. GreensteinRJ, GreensteinAJ. Is there clinical, epidemiological and molecular evidence for two forms of Crohn's disease?Mol Med Today1995;1:343. CrossRef

3. YamamotoT, AllanRN, KeighleyMR. Perforating ileocecal Crohn's disease does not carry a high risk of recurrence but usually represents as perforating disease. Dis Colon Rectum1999;42:519. CrossRef

4. GascheC, ScholmerichJ, BrynskovJ, et al.A simple classification of Crohn's disease: report of the Working Party for the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna 1998. Inflamm Bowel Dis2000;6:8. CrossRef

5. RhodesJ, BaintonD, BeckP, et al.Controlled trial of azathioprine in Crohn's disease. Lancet1971;2:1273. CrossRef

6. CohenRD, TsangJF, HanauerSB. Infliximab in Crohn's disease: first anniversary clinical experience. Am J Gastroenterol2000;95:3469. CrossRef

7. MekhjianHS, SwitzDM, MelnykCS, et al.Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology1979;77:898.

8. MichelassiF, BalestracciT, ChappellR, et al.Primary and recurrent Crohn's disease. Experience with 1379 patients. Ann Surg1991;214:230. CrossRef

9. KeighleyM, HeyenF, WinsletMC. Entero‐cutaneous fistulas and Crohn's disease. Acta Gastroenterol Belg1987;50:580.

10. YamamotoT, KeighleyMR. Enterovesical fistulas complicating Crohn's disease: clinicopathological features and management. Int J Colorectal Dis2000;15:211. CrossRef

11. KeighleyMR, EastwoodD, AmbroseNS, et al.Incidence and microbiology of abdominal and pelvic abscess in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology1982;83:1271.

12. MotilKJ, GrandRJ, Davis‐KraftL, et al.Growth failure in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study. Gastroenterology1993;105:681.

13. HomanWP, TangCK, ThorbjarnarsonB. Acute massive hemorrhage from intestinal Crohn's disease. Report of seven cases and review of the literature. Arch Surg1976;111:901. CrossRef

14. HordijkML, ShivanandaS. Risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: why are the results in the reviewed literature so varied?Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl1989;170:70. CrossRef

15. KeighleyMR, ThompsonH, Alexander‐WilliamsJ. Multifocal colonic carcinoma and Crohn's disease. Surgery1975;78:534.

16. JaskowiakNT, MichelassiF. Adenocarcinoma at a strictureplasty site in Crohn's disease: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum2001;44:284. CrossRef

17. MortensenNJ, RitchieJK, HawleyPR, et al.Surgery for acute Crohn's colitis: results and long term follow‐up. Br J Surg1984;71:783. CrossRef

18. GreensteinAJ, SacharDB, GibasA, et al.Outcome of toxic dilatation in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol1985;7:137. CrossRef

19. MurrayJJ, SchoetzDJJr, NugentFW, et al.Surgical management of Crohn's disease involving the duodenum. Am J Surg1984;147:58. CrossRef

20. YamamotoT, AllanRN, KeighleyMR. An audit of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease: clinicopathologic features and management. Scand J Gastroenterol1999;34:1019. CrossRef

21. ReynoldsHLJr, StellatoTA. Crohn's disease of the foregut. Surg Clin North Am2001;81:117. CrossRef

22. YamamotoT, BainIM, ConnollyAB, et al.Outcome of strictureplasty for duodenal Crohn's disease. Br J Surg1999;86:259. CrossRef

23. WorseyMJ, HullT, RylandL, et al.Strictureplasty is an effective option in the operative management of duodenal Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1999;42:596. CrossRef

24. TanWC, AllanRN. Diffuse jejunoileitis of Crohn's disease. Gut1993;34:1374. CrossRef

25. AndrewsHA, KeighleyMR, Alexander‐WilliamsJ, et al.Strategy for management of distal ileal Crohn's disease. Br J Surg1991;78:679. CrossRef

26. CookeWT, MallasE, PriorP, et al.Crohn's disease: course, treatment and long term prognosis. Q J Med1980;49:363.

27. HellersG. Crohn's disease in Stockholm county 1955–1974. A study of epidemiology, results of surgical treatment and long‐term prognosis. Acta Chir Scand Suppl1979;490:1.

28. LeeEC, PapaioannouN. Minimal surgery for chronic obstruction in patients with extensive or universal Crohn's disease. Ann R Coll Surg Engl1982;64:229.

29. Alexander‐WilliamsJ, HaynesIG. Conservative operations for Crohn's disease of the small bowel. World J Surg1985;9:945. CrossRef

30. HurstRD, MichelassiF. Strictureplasty for Crohn's disease: techniques and long‐term results. World J Surg1998;22:359. CrossRef

31. MichelassiF. Side‐to‐side isoperistaltic strictureplasty for multiple Crohn's strictures. Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:345. CrossRef

32. MichelassiF, HurstRD, MelisM, et al.Side‐to‐side isoperistaltic strictureplasty in extensive Crohn's disease: a prospective longitudinal study. Ann Surg2000;232:401. CrossRef

33. OzunerG, FazioVW, LaveryIC, et al.Reoperative rates for Crohn's disease following strictureplasty. Long‐term analysis. Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:1199. CrossRef

34. OzunerG, FazioVW, LaveryIC, et al.How safe is strictureplasty in the management of Crohn's disease?Am J Surg1996;171:57. CrossRef

35. TjandraJJ, FazioVW. Strictureplasty without concomitant resection for small bowel obstruction in Crohn's disease. Br J Surg1994;81:561. CrossRef

36. YamamotoT, BainIM, AllanRN, et al.An audit of strictureplasty for small‐bowel Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1999;42:797. CrossRef

37. YamamotoT, KeighleyMR. Long‐term results of strictureplasty without synchronous resection for jejunoileal Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol1999;34:180. CrossRef

38. SpencerMP, NelsonH, WolffBG, et al.Strictureplasty for obstructive Crohn's disease: the Mayo experience. Mayo Clin Proc1994;9:33. CrossRef

39. DietzDW, LauretiS, StrongSA, et al.Safety and longterm efficacy of strictureplasty in 314 patients with obstructing small bowel Crohn's disease. J Am Coll Surg2001;192:330. CrossRef

40. OzunerG, FazioVW. Management of gastrointestinal bleeding after strictureplasty for Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:297. CrossRef

41. Alexander‐WilliamsJ, HaynesIG. Up‐to‐date management of small‐bowel Crohn's disease. Adv Surg1987;20:245.

42. MarchettiF, FazioVW, OzunerG. Adenocarcinoma arising from a strictureplasty site in Crohn's disease. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:1315. CrossRef

43. GreensteinAJ. Cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. Mt Sinai J Med2000;67:227.

44. GydeSN, PriorP, MacartneyJC, et al.Malignancy in Crohn's disease. Gut1980;21:1024. CrossRef

45. MichelassiF, TestaG, PomidorWJ, et al.Adenocarcinoma complicating Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1993;36:654. CrossRef

46. FrankJD, ShoreyBA. Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel as a complication of Crohn's disease. Gut1973;14:120. CrossRef

47. GreensteinAJ, SacharD, PucilloA, et al.Cancer in Crohn's disease after diversionary surgery. A report of seven carcinomas occurring in excluded bowel. Am J Surg1978;135:86. CrossRef

48. RibeiroMB, GreensteinAJ, HeimannTM, et al.Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine in Crohn's disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet1991;173:343.

49. SenayE, SacharDB, KeohaneM, et al.Small bowel carcinoma in Crohn's disease. Distinguishing features and risk factors. Cancer1989;63:360. CrossRef

50. HoffmanJP, TaftDA, WheelisRF, et al.Adenocarcinoma in regional enteritis of the small intestine. Arch Surg1977;112:606. CrossRef

51. SahaiA, BelairM, GianfeliceD, et al.Percutaneous drainage of intra‐abdominal abscesses in Crohn's disease: short and long‐term outcome. Am J Gastroenterol1997;92:275.

52. MichelassiF, StellaM, BalestracciT, et al.Incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of enteric and colorectal fistulae in patients with Crohn's disease. Ann Surg1993;218:660. CrossRef

53. WilkPJ, FazioV, TurnbullRBJr. The dilemma of Crohn's disease: ileoduodenal fistula complicating Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1977;20:387. CrossRef

54. BlackettRL, HillGL. Postoperative external small bowel fistulas: a study of a consecutive series of patients treated with intravenous hyperalimentation. Br J Surg1978;65:775. CrossRef

55. McIntyrePB, RitchieJK, HawleyPR, et al.Management of enterocutaneous fistulas: a review of 132 cases. Br J Surg1984;71:293. CrossRef

56. LiuCH, ChuangCK, ChuSH, et al.Enterovesical fistula: experiences with 41 cases in 12 years. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi1999;22:598.

57. HeyenF, AmbroseNS, AllanRN, et al.Enterovesical fistulas in Crohn's disease. Ann R Coll Surg Engl1989;71:101.

58. FarmerRG. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Jpn1991;26(Suppl 3):93.

59. CiroccoWC, ReillyJC, RusinLC. Life‐threatening hemorrhage and exsanguination from Crohn's disease. Report of four cases. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:85. CrossRef

60. BernellO, LapidusA, HellersG. Risk factors for surgery and postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Ann Surg2000;231:38. CrossRef

61. KrupnickAS, MorrisJB. The long‐term results of resection and multiple resections in Crohn's disease. Semin Gastrointest Dis2000;11:41.

62. KimNK, SenagoreAJ, LuchtefeldMA, et al.Long‐term outcome after ileocecal resection for Crohn's disease. Am Surg1997;63:627.

63. ScottNA, HughesLE. Timing of ileocolonic resection for symptomatic Crohn's disease – the patient's view. Gut1994;35:656. CrossRef

64. YamamotoT, KeighleyMR. Smoking and disease recurrence after operation for Crohn's disease. Br J Surg2000;87:398. CrossRef

65. FragaXF, VergaraM, MedinaC, et al.Effects of smoking on the presentation and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol1997;9:683. CrossRef

66. YamamotoT, AllanRN, KeighleyMR. Strategy for surgical management of ileocolonic anastomotic recurrence in Crohn's disease. World J Surg1999;23:1055. CrossRef

67. YamamotoT, KeighleyMR. Long‐term results of strictureplasty for ileocolonic anastomotic recurrence in Crohn's disease. J Gastrointest Surg1999;3:555. CrossRef

68. HurstRD, MolinariM, ChungTP, et al.Prospective study of the features, indications, and surgical treatment in 513 consecutive patients affected by Crohn's disease. Surgery1997;122:661. CrossRef

69. PezimME, PembertonJH, BeartRWJr, et al.Outcome of “indeterminant” colitis following ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum1989;32:653. CrossRef

70. DeutschAA, McLeodRS, CullenJ, et al.Results of the pelvic‐pouch procedure in patients with Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:475. CrossRef

71. EdwardsCM, WarrenBF, ShepherdNA. Ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for Crohn's disease. Gut1999;44:896. CrossRef

72. HymanNH, FazioVW, TucksonWB, et al.Consequences of ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for Crohn's colitis. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:653. CrossRef

73. KeighleyMR, AllanRN, SandersDS. Ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for Crohn's disease. Gut1999;44:440. CrossRef

74. FazioVW, WuJS. Surgical therapy for Crohn's disease of the colon and rectum. Surg Clin North Am1997;77:197. CrossRef

75. HamiltonSR. Colorectal carcinoma in patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology1985;89:398.

76. WeedonDD, ShorterRG, IlstrupDM, et al.Crohn's disease and cancer. N Engl J Med1973;289:1099. CrossRef

77. GreenS, StockRG, GreensteinAJ. Rectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease: natural history and implications for radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys1999;44:835. CrossRef

78. RibeiroMB, GreensteinAJ, SacharDB, et al.Colorectal adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease. Ann Surg1996;223:186. CrossRef

79. YamazakiY, RibeiroMB, SacharDB, et al.Malignant colorectal strictures in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol1991;86:882.

80. WinsletMC, AllanA, PoxonV, et al.Faecal diversion for Crohn's colitis: a model to study the role of the faecal stream in the inflammatory process. Gut1994;35:236. CrossRef

81. WinsletMC, AndrewsH, AllanRN, et al.Fecal diversion in the management of Crohn's disease of the colon. Dis Colon Rectum1993;36:757. CrossRef

82. EdwardsCM, GeorgeBD, JewellDP, et al.Role of a defunctioning stoma in the management of large bowel Crohn's disease. Br J Surg2000;87:1063. CrossRef

83. HarperPH, TrueloveSC, LeeEC, et al.Split ileostomy and ileocolostomy for Crohn's disease of the colon and ulcerative colitis: a 20 year survey. Gut1983;24:106. CrossRef

84. ZelasP, JagelmanDG. Loop ileostomy in the management of Crohn's colitis in the debilitated patient. Ann Surg1980;191:164. CrossRef

85. PastoreRL, WolffBG, HodgeD. Total abdominal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum1997;40:1455. CrossRef

86. TjandraJJ, FazioVW. Surgery for Crohn's colitis. Int Surg1992;77:9.

87. NugentFW, VeidenheimerMC, MeissnerWA, et al.Prognosis after colonic resection for Crohn's disease of the colon. Gastroenterology1973;65:398.

88. KorelitzBI, PresentDH, AlpertLI, et al.Recurrent regional ileitis after ileostomy and colectomy for granulomatous colitis. N Engl J Med1972;287:110. CrossRef

89. ScammellBE, AndrewsH, AllanRN, et al.Results of proctocolectomy for Crohn's disease. Br J Surg1987;74:671. CrossRef

90. GoligherJC. The long‐term results of excisional surgery for primary and recurrent Crohn's disease of the large intestine. Dis Colon Rectum1985;28:51. CrossRef

91. CormanML, VeidenheimerMC, CollerJA, et al.Perineal wound healing after proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum1978;21:155. CrossRef

92. HurstRD, CrucittiP, MelisM, et al.Primary myocutaneous flap closure of the perineal wound following proctectomy for perineal complications of Crohn's disease: a prospective feasibility study. Surgery2001;130:767. CrossRef

93. AllanA, AndrewsH, HiltonCJ, et al.Segmental colonic resection is an appropriate operation for short skip lesions due to Crohn's disease in the colon. World J Surg1989;13:611. CrossRef

94. LongoWE, BallantyneGH, CahowCE. Treatment of Crohn's colitis. Segmental or total colectomy?Arch Surg1988;123:588. CrossRef

95. PrabhakarLP, LarameeC, NelsonH, et al.Avoiding a stoma: role for segmental or abdominal colectomy in Crohn's colitis. Dis Colon Rectum1997;40:71. CrossRef

96. GroblerSP, HosieKB, AffieE, et al.Outcome of restorative proctocolectomy when the diagnosis is suggestive of Crohn's disease. Gut1993;34:1384. CrossRef

97. SagarPM, DozoisRR, WolffBG. Long‐term results of ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis in patients with Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:893. CrossRef

98. PanisY, PoupardB, NemethJ, et al.Ileal pouch/anal anastomosis for Crohn's disease. Lancet1996;347:854. CrossRef

99. WilliamsDR, CollerJA, CormanML, et al.Anal complications in Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1981;24:22. CrossRef

100. HalmeL, SainioAP. Factors related to frequency, type, and outcome of anal fistulas in Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:55. CrossRef

101. BuchmannP, KeighleyMR, AllanRN, et al.Natural history of perianal Crohn's disease. Ten year follow‐up: a plea for conservatism. Am J Surg1980;140:642. CrossRef

102. MorrisonJG, GathrightJBJr, RayJE, et al.Surgical management of anorectal fistulas in Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1989;32:492. CrossRef

103. NordgrenS, FasthS, HultenL. Anal fistulas in Crohn's disease: incidence and outcome of surgical treatment. Int J Colorectal Dis1992;7:214. CrossRef

104. YamamotoT, AllanRN, KeighleyMR. Effect of fecal diversion alone on perianal Crohn's disease. World J Surg2000;24:1258. CrossRef

105. SangwanYP, SchoetzDJJr, MurrayJJ, et al.Perianal Crohn's disease. Results of local surgical treatment. Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:529. CrossRef

106. WilliamsJG, RothenbergerDA, NemerFD, et al.Fistula‐in‐ano in Crohn's disease. Results of aggressive surgical treatment. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:378. CrossRef

107. LevienDH, SurrellJ, MazierWP. Surgical treatment of anorectal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet1989;169:133.

108. WhiteRA, EisenstatTE, RubinRJ, et al.Seton management of complex anorectal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1990;33:587. CrossRef

109. Cate HoedemakerHO. Perianal Crohn's disease. Neth J Med1994;45:72.

110. RadcliffeAG, RitchieJK, HawleyPR, et al.Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas in Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1988;31:94. CrossRef

111. WilliamsonPR, HellingerMD, LarachSW, et al.Twenty‐year review of the surgical management of perianal Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:389. CrossRef

112. MarchesaP, HullTL, FazioVW. Advancement sleeve flaps for treatment of severe perianal Crohn's disease. Br J Surg1998;85:1695. CrossRef

113. MakowiecF, JehleEC, BeckerHD, et al.Clinical course after transanal advancement flap repair of perianal fistula in patients with Crohn's disease. Br J Surg1995;82:603. CrossRef

114. JooJS, WeissEG, NoguerasJJ, et al.Endorectal advancement flap in perianal Crohn's disease. Am Surg1998;64:147.

115. BauerJJ, SherME, JaffinH, et al.Transvaginal approach for repair of rectovaginal fistulae complicating Crohn's disease. Ann Surg1991;213:151. CrossRef

116. SherME, BauerJJ, GelerntI. Surgical repair of rectovaginal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease: transvaginal approach. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:641. CrossRef

117. HesterbergR, SchmidtWU, MullerF, et al.Treatment of anovaginal fistulas with an anocutaneous flap in patients with Crohn's disease. Int J Colorectal Dis1993;8:51. CrossRef

118. MichelassiF, MelisM, RubinM, et al.Surgical treatment of anorectal complications in Crohn's disease. Surgery2000;128:597. CrossRef

119. BernsteinCN, FriedM, KrabshuisJH, et al.World Gastroenterology Organization Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of IBD in 2010. Inflamm Bowel Dis2010;16:112. CrossRef

120. DignassA, Van AsscheG, LindsayJO, et al.The second European evidence‐based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: current management. J Crohns Colitis2010;4:28. CrossRef

121. BernellO, LapidusA, HellersG. Risk factors for surgery and recurrence in 907 patients with primary ileocaecal Crohn's disease. Br J Surg2000;87:1697. CrossRef

122. TichanskyD, CagirB, YooE, et al.Strictureplasty for Crohn's disease: meta‐analysis. Dis Colon Rectum2000;43:911. CrossRef

123. FazioVW, MarchettiF. Recurrent Crohn's disease and resection margins: bigger is not better. Adv Surg1999;32:135.

124. BorleyNR, MortensenNJ, JewellDP. Preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Br J Surg1997;84:1493. CrossRef

125. RutgeertsP, GeboesK, VantrappenG, et al.Natural history of recurrent Crohn's disease at the ileocolonic anastomosis after curative surgery. Gut1984;25:665. CrossRef

126. RyanWR, AllanRN, YamamotoT, et al.Crohn's disease patients who quit smoking have a reduced risk of reoperation for recurrence. Am J Surg2004;187:219. CrossRef

127. ReeseGE, NanidisT, BorysiewiczC, et al.The effect of smoking after surgery for Crohn's disease: a meta‐analysis of observational studies. Int J Colorectal Dis2008;23:1213. CrossRef

128. Van AsscheG, DignassA, ReinischW, et al.The second European evidence‐based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: special situations. J Crohns Colitis2010;4:63. CrossRef

129. SimillisC, YamamotoT, ReeseGE, et al.A meta‐analysis comparing incidence of recurrence and indication for reoperation after surgery for perforating versus nonperforating Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol2008;103:196. CrossRef

130. OnaliS, PetruzzielloC, CalabreseE, et al.Frequency, pattern, and risk factors of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease after resection different from ileo‐colonic. J Gastrointest Surg2009;13:246. CrossRef

131. PostS, HerfarthC, BohmE, et al.The impact of disease pattern, surgical management, and individual surgeons on the risk for relaparotomy for recurrent Crohn's disease. Ann Surg1996;223:253. CrossRef

132. KyleJ. Prognosis after ileal resection for Crohn's disease. Br J Surg1971;58:735. CrossRef

133. RutgeertsP, GeboesK, VantrappenG, et al.Predictability of the postoperative course of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology1990;99:956.

134. AnselinePF, WlodarczykJ, MurugasuR. Presence of granulomas is associated with recurrence after surgery for Crohn's disease: experience of a surgical unit. Br J Surg1997;84:78. CrossRef

135. PoggioliG, LauretiS, SelleriS, et al.Factors affecting recurrence in Crohn's disease. Results of a prospective audit. Int J Colorectal Dis1996;11:294. CrossRef

136. SimillisC, PurkayasthaS, YamamotoT, et al.A meta‐analysis comparing conventional end‐to‐end anastomosis vs. other anastomotic configurations after resection in Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum2007;50:1674. CrossRef

137. IkeuchiH, KusunokiM, YamamuraT. Long‐term results of stapled and hand‐sewn anastomoses in patients with Crohn's disease. Dig Surg2000;17:493. CrossRef

138. CaprilliR, AndreoliA, CapursoL, et al.Oral mesalazine (5‐aminosalicylic acid; Asacol) for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio del Colon e del Retto (GISC). Aliment Pharmacol Ther1994;8:35. CrossRef

139. BrignolaC, CottoneM, PeraA, et al.Mesalamine in the prevention of endoscopic recurrence after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease. Italian Cooperative Study Group. Gastroenterology1995;108:345. CrossRef

140. LochsH, MayerM, FleigWE, et al.Prophylaxis of postoperative relapse in Crohn's disease with mesalamine: European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study VI. Gastroenterology2000;118:264. CrossRef

141. FlorentC, CortotA, QuandaleP, et al.Placebo‐controlled clinical trial of mesalazine in the prevention of early endoscopic recurrences after resection for Crohn's disease. Groupe d'Etudes Therapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID). Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol1996;8:229. CrossRef

142. McLeodRS, WolffBG, SteinhartAH, et al.Prophylactic mesalamine treatment decreases postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology1995;109:404. CrossRef

143. CottoneM, CammaC. Mesalamine and relapse prevention in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology2000;119:597. CrossRef

144. GordonM, NaidooK, ThomasAG, et al.Oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically‐induced remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2011;(1):CD008414.

145. FordAC, KhanKJ, TalleyNJ, et al.5‐aminosalicylates prevent relapse of Crohn's disease after surgically induced remission: systematic review and meta‐analysis. Am J Gastroenterol2011;106:413. CrossRef

146. van LooES, DijkstraG, PloegRJ, et al.Prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis2012;6:637. CrossRef

147. RutgeertsP, HieleM, GeboesK, et al.Controlled trial of metronidazole treatment for prevention of Crohn's recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology1995;108:1617. CrossRef

148. RutgeertsP, Van AsscheG, VermeireS, et al.Ornidazole for prophylaxis of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Gastroenterology2005;128:856. CrossRef

149. HanauerSB, KorelitzBI, RutgeertsP, et al.Postoperative maintenance of Crohn's disease remission with 6‐mercaptopurine, mesalamine, or placebo: a 2‐year trial. Gastroenterology2004;127:723. CrossRef

150. ArdizzoneS, MaconiG, SampietroGM, et al.Azathioprine and mesalamine for prevention of relapse after conservative surgery for Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology2004;127:730. CrossRef

151. D'HaensGR, VermeireS, Van AsscheG, et al.Therapy of metronidazole with azathioprine to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a controlled randomized trial. Gastroenterology2008;135:1123. CrossRef

152. ReinischW, AngelbergerS, PetritschW, et al.Azathioprine versus mesalazine for prevention of postoperative clinical recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease with endoscopic recurrence: efficacy and safety results of a randomised, double‐blind, double‐dummy, multicentre trial. Gut2010;59:752. CrossRef

153. Peyrin‐BirouletL, DeltenreP, ArdizzoneS, et al.Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for the prevention of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: a meta‐analysis. Am J Gastroenterol2009;104:2089. CrossRef

154. RegueiroM, SchrautW, BaidooL, et al.Infliximab prevents Crohn's disease recurrence after ileal resection. Gastroenterology2009;136:441; quiz 716. CrossRef

155. EweK, BottgerT, BuhrHJ, et al.Low‐dose budesonide treatment for prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a multicentre randomized placebo‐controlled trial. German Budesonide Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol1999;11:277. CrossRef

156. HellersG, CortotA, JewellD, et al.Oral budesonide for prevention of postsurgical recurrence in Crohn's disease. The IOIBD Budesonide Study Group. Gastroenterology1999;116:294. CrossRef

157. PranteraC, ScribanoML, FalascoG, et al.Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventing recurrence after curative resection for Crohn's disease: a randomised controlled trial with Lactobacillus GG. Gut2002;51:405. CrossRef

158. MarteauP, LemannM, SeksikP, et al.Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial. Gut2006;55:842. CrossRef

159. Van GossumA, DewitO, LouisE, et al.Multicenter randomized‐controlled clinical trial of probiotics (Lactobacillus johnsonii, LA1) on early endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease after lleo‐caecal resection. Inflamm Bowel Dis2007;13:135. CrossRef

160. LichtigerS, PresentDH, KornbluthA, et al.Cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid therapy. N Engl J Med1994;330:1841. CrossRef

161. VeidenheimerMC, NugentFW. Treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis. Surg Clin North Am1968;48:559.

162. Van RosendaalGM. Inflammatory bowel disease. Can Med Assoc J1989;141:113.

163. HurstRD, FincoC, RubinM, et al.Prospective analysis of perioperative morbidity in one hundred consecutive colectomies for ulcerative colitis. Surgery1995;118:748. CrossRef

164. LangholzE, MunkholmP, DavidsenM, et al.Colorectal cancer risk and mortality in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology1992;103:1444.

165. LindbergB, PerssonB, VeressB, et al.Twenty years' colonoscopic surveillance of patients with ulcerative colitis. Detection of dysplastic and malignant transformation. Scand J Gastroenterol1996;31:1195. CrossRef

166. GydeSN, PriorP, AllanRN, et al.Colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a cohort study of primary referrals from three centres. Gut1988;29:206. CrossRef

167. GorfineSR, BauerJJ, HarrisMT, et al.Dysplasia complicating chronic ulcerative colitis: is immediate colectomy warranted?Dis Colon Rectum2000;43:1575. CrossRef

168. KirsnerJB. Current medical and surgical opinions on important therapeutic issues in inflammatory bowel disease. A special 1979 survey. Am J Surg1980;140:391. CrossRef

169. UtsunomiyaJ, IwamaT, ImajoM, et al.Total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, and ileoanal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum1980;23:459. CrossRef

170. HultenL. Proctocolectomy and ileostomy to pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis. World J Surg1998;22:335. CrossRef

171. WexnerSD, RosenL, LowryA, et al.Practice parameters for the treatment of mucosal ulcerative colitis – supporting documentation. The Standards Practice Task Force. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Dis Colon Rectum1997;40:1277. CrossRef

172. LeicesterRJ, RitchieJK, WadsworthJ, et al.Sexual function and perineal wound healing after intersphincteric excision of the rectum for inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum1984;27:244. CrossRef

173. BauerJJ, GelerntIM, SalkBA, et al.Proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Surg1986;151:157. CrossRef

174. McLeodR, CohenZ, LangerB, et al.Primary perineal wound closure following excision of the rectum. Can J Surg1983;26:122.

175. BauerJJ, GelerntIM, SalkyB, et al.Sexual dysfunction following proctocolectomy for benign disease of the colon and rectum. Ann Surg1983;197:363. CrossRef

176. MartelP, MajeryN, SavignyB, et al.Mesenteric lengthening in ileoanal pouch anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: is high division of the superior mesenteric pedicle a safe procedure?Dis Colon Rectum1998;41:862. CrossRef

177. RadiceE, NelsonH, DevineRM, et al.Ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis in patients with colorectal cancer: long‐term functional and oncologic outcomes. Dis Colon Rectum1998;41:11. CrossRef

178. Thompson‐FawcettMW, RichardCS, O'ConnorBI, et al.Quality of life is excellent after a pelvic pouch for colitis‐associated neoplasia. Dis Colon Rectum2000;43:1497. CrossRef

179. WiltzO, HashmiHF, SchoetzDJJr, et al.Carcinoma and the ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:805. CrossRef

180. ZivY, FazioVW, StrongSA, et al.Ulcerative colitis and coexisting colorectal cancer: recurrence rate after restorative proctocolectomy. Ann Surg Oncol1994;1:512. CrossRef

181. BauerJJ, GorfineSR, GelerntIM, et al.Restorative proctocolectomy in patients older than fifty years. Dis Colon Rectum1997;40:562. CrossRef

182. JorgeJM, WexnerSD, JamesK, et al.Recovery of anal sphincter function after the ileoanal reservoir procedure in patients over the age of fifty. Dis Colon Rectum1994;37:1002. CrossRef

183. LewisWG, SagarPM, HoldsworthPJ, et al.Restorative proctocolectomy with end to end pouch‐anal anastomosis in patients over the age of fifty. Gut1993;34:948. CrossRef

184. TakaoY, GillilandR, NoguerasJJ, et al.Is age relevant to functional outcome after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis?: prospective assessment of 122 cases. Ann Surg1998;227:187. CrossRef

185. TanHT, ConnollyAB, MortonD, et al.Results of restorative proctocolectomy in the elderly. Int J Colorectal Dis1997;12:319. CrossRef

186. HarmsBA, MyersGA, RosenfeldDJ, et al.Management of fulminant ulcerative colitis by primary restorative proctocolectomy. Dis Colon Rectum1994;37:971. CrossRef

187. HeyvaertG, PenninckxF, FilezL, et al.Restorative proctocolectomy in elective and emergency cases of ulcerative colitis. Int J Colorectal Dis1994;9:73. CrossRef

188. FaroukR, PembertonJH, WolffBG, et al.Functional outcomes after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis. Ann Surg2000;231:919. CrossRef

189. FazioVW, ZivY, ChurchJM, et al.Ileal pouch‐anal anastomoses complications and function in 1005 patients. Ann Surg1995;222:120. CrossRef

190. MarcelloPW, RobertsPL, SchoetzDJJr, et al.Long‐term results of the ileoanal pouch procedure. Arch Surg1993;128:500. CrossRef

191. MeagherAP, FaroukR, DozoisRR, et al.J ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for chronic ulcerative colitis: complications and long‐term outcome in 1310 patients. Br J Surg1998;85:800. CrossRef

192. HurstRD, ChungTP, RubinM, et al.The implications of acute pouchitis on the long‐term functional results after restorative proctocolectomy. Inflamm Bowel Dis1998;4:280.

193. StahlbergD, GullbergK, LiljeqvistL, et al.Pouchitis following pelvic pouch operation for ulcerative colitis. Incidence, cumulative risk, and risk factors. Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:1012. CrossRef

194. KuhbacherT, SchreiberS, RunkelN. Pouchitis: pathophysiology and treatment. Int J Colorectal Dis1998;13:196. CrossRef

195. PennaC, DozoisR, TremaineW, et al.Pouchitis after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis occurs with increased frequency in patients with associated primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut1996;38:234. CrossRef

196. SandbornWJ, TremaineWJ, BattsKP, et al.Pouchitis after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis: a Pouchitis Disease Activity Index. Mayo Clin Proc1994;69:409. CrossRef

197. MerrettMN, MortensenN, KettlewellM, et al.Smoking may prevent pouchitis in patients with restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Gut1996;38:362. CrossRef

198. SarigolS, WyllieR, GramlichT, et al.Incidence of dysplasia in pelvic pouches in pediatric patients after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr1999;28:429. CrossRef

199. VeressB, ReinholtFP, LindquistK, et al.Long‐term histomorphological surveillance of the pelvic ileal pouch: dysplasia develops in a subgroup of patients. Gastroenterology1995;109:1090. CrossRef

200. GullbergK, StahlbergD, LiljeqvistL, et al.Neoplastic transformation of the pelvic pouch mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology1997;112:1487. CrossRef

201. ParksAG, NichollsRJ. Proctocolectomy without ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. Br Med J1978;2:85. CrossRef

202. RothenbergerDA, BulsJG, NivatvongsS, et al.The ParkS S ileal pouch and anal anastomosis after colectomy and mucosal proctectomy. Am J Surg1985;149:390. CrossRef

203. HarmsBA, AndersenAB, StarlingJR. The W ileal reservoir: long‐term assessment after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis. Surgery1992;112:638.

204. NichollsRJ, LubowskiDZ. Restorative proctocolectomy: the four loop (W) reservoir. Br J Surg1987;74:564. CrossRef

205. StoneMM, LewinK, FonkalsrudEW. Late obstruction of the lateral ileal reservoir after colectomy and endorectal ileal pullthrough procedures. Surg Gynecol Obstet1986;162:411.

206. SagarPM, HoldsworthPJ, GodwinPG, et al.Comparison of triplicated (S) and quadruplicated (W) pelvic ileal reservoirs. Studies on manovolumetry, fecal bacteriology, fecal volatile fatty acids, mucosal morphology, and functional results. Gastroenterology1992;102:520.

207. MichelassiF, HurstR. Restorative proctocolectomy with J‐pouch ileoanal anastomosis. Arch Surg2000;135:347. CrossRef

208. MichelassiF, StellaM, BlockGE. Prospective assessment of functional results after ileal J pouch‐anal restorative proctocolectomy. Arch Surg1993;128:889. CrossRef

209. HewettPJ, StitzR, HewettMK. Harry E. Bacon Oration. Comparison of the functional results of restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis between the J and W configuration ileal pouches with sutured ileoanal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:567. CrossRef

210. SelvaggiF, GiulianiA, GalloC, et al.Randomized, controlled trial to compare the J‐pouch and W‐pouch configurations for ulcerative colitis in the maturation period. Dis Colon Rectum2000;43:615. CrossRef

211. KeighleyMR, YoshiokaK, KmiotW. Prospective randomized trial to compare the stapled double lumen pouch and the sutured quadruple pouch for restorative proctocolectomy. Br J Surg1988;75:1008. CrossRef

212. JohnstonD, WilliamsonME, LewisWG, et al.Prospective controlled trial of duplicated (J) versus quadruplicated (W) pelvic ileal reservoirs in restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Gut1996;39:242. CrossRef

213. HurstRD, MolinariM, ChungTP, et al.Prospective study of the incidence, timing and treatment of pouchitis in 104 consecutive patients after restorative proctocolectomy. Arch Surg1996;131:497. CrossRef

214. ParksAG, NichollsRJ, BelliveauP. Proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir and anal anastomosis. Br J Surg1980;67:533. CrossRef

215. TucksonWB, McNamaraMJ, FazioVW, et al.Impact of anal manipulation and pouch design on ileal pouch function. J Natl Med Assoc1991;83:1089.

216. WilliamsonME, LewisWG, MillerAS, et al.Clinical and physiological evaluation of anorectal eversion during restorative proctocolectomy. Br J Surg1995;82:1391. CrossRef

217. MillerAS, LewisWG, WilliamsonME, et al.Does eversion of the anorectum during restorative proctocolectomy influence functional outcome?Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:489. CrossRef

218. GemloBT, BelmonteC, WiltzO, et al.Functional assessment of ileal pouch‐anal anastomotic techniques. Am J Surg1995;169:137. CrossRef

219. MillerR, BartoloDC, OrromWJ, et al.Improvement of anal sensation with preservation of the anal transition zone after ileoanal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum1990;33:414. CrossRef

220. GullbergK, LindquistK, LijeqvistL. Pelvic pouch‐anal anastomoses: pros and cons about omission of mucosectomy and loop ileostomy. A study of 60 patients. Ann Chir1995;49:527.

221. LandiE, FianchiniA, LandaL, et al.Proctocolectomy and stapled ileo‐anal anastomosis without mucosal proctectomy. Int J Colorectal Dis1990;5:151. CrossRef

222. LewisWG, WilliamsonME, MillerAS, et al.Preservation of complete anal sphincteric proprioception in restorative proctocolectomy: the inhibitory reflex and fine control of continence need not be impaired. Gut1995;36:902. CrossRef

223. SagarPM, HoldsworthPJ, JohnstonD. Correlation between laboratory findings and clinical outcome after restorative proctocolectomy: serial studies in 20 patients with end‐to‐end pouch‐anal anastomosis. Br J Surg1991;78:67. CrossRef

224. ReillyWT, PembertonJH, WolffBG, et al.Randomized prospective trial comparing ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis performed by excising the anal mucosa to ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis performed by preserving the anal mucosa. Ann Surg1997;225:666. CrossRef

225. LuukkonenP, JarvinenH. Stapled vs hand‐sutured ileoanal anastomosis in restorative proctocolectomy. A prospective, randomized study. Arch Surg1993;128:437. CrossRef

226. ChoenS, TsunodaA, NichollsRJ. Prospective randomized trial comparing anal function after hand sewn ileoanal anastomosis with mucosectomy versus stapled ileoanal anastomosis without mucosectomy in restorative proctocolectomy. Br J Surg1991;78:430. CrossRef

227. ZivY, FazioVW, ChurchJM, et al.Stapled ileal pouch anal anastomoses are safer than handsewn anastomoses in patients with ulcerative colitis. Am J Surg1996;171:320. CrossRef

228. LaveryIC, SirimarcoMT, ZivY, et al.Anal canal inflammation after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. The need for treatment. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:803. CrossRef

229. FazioVW, TjandraJJ. Transanal mucosectomy. Ileal pouch advancement for anorectal dysplasia or inflammation after restorative proctocolectomy. Dis Colon Rectum1994;37:1008. CrossRef

230. O'RiordainMG, FazioVW, LaveryIC, et al.Incidence and natural history of dysplasia of the anal transitional zone after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis: results of a five‐year to ten‐year follow‐up. Dis Colon Rectum2000;43:1660. CrossRef

231. FengerC. The anal transitional zone. Location and extent. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [A]1979;87A:379.

232. Thompson‐FawcettMW, WarrenBF, MortensenNJ. A new look at the anal transitional zone with reference to restorative proctocolectomy and the columnar cuff. Br J Surg1998;85:1517. CrossRef

233. O'ConnellPR, PembertonJH, WeilandLH, et al.Does rectal mucosa regenerate after ileoanal anastomosis?Dis Colon Rectum1987;30:1. CrossRef

234. PuthuD, RajanN, RaoR, et al.Carcinoma of the rectal pouch following restorative proctocolectomy. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum1992;35:257. CrossRef

235. SternH, WalfischS, MullenB, et al.Cancer in an ileoanal reservoir: a new late complication?Gut1990;31:473. CrossRef

236. Rodriguez‐SanjuanJC, PolaviejaMG, NaranjoA, et al.Adenocarcinoma in an ileal pouch for ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:779. CrossRef

237. SequensR. Cancer in the anal canal (transitional zone) after restorative proctocolectomy with stapled ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. Int J Colorectal Dis1997;12:254. CrossRef

238. DolginSE, ShlaskoE, GorfineS, et al.Restorative proctocolectomy in children with ulcerative colitis utilizing rectal mucosectomy with or without diverting ileostomy. J Pediatr Surg1999;34:837. CrossRef

239. MarchesaP, LashnerBA, LaveryIC, et al.The risk of cancer and dysplasia among ulcerative colitis patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol1997;92:1285.

240. SugermanHJ, NewsomeHH, DecostaG, et al.Stapled ileoanal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis without a temporary diverting ileostomy. Ann Surg1991;213:606. CrossRef

241. SugermanHJ, NewsomeHH. Stapled ileoanal anastomosis without a temporary ileostomy. Am J Surg1994;167:58. CrossRef

242. SugermanHJ, SugermanEL, MeadorJG, et al.Ileal pouch anal anastomosis without ileal diversion. Ann Surg2000;232:530. CrossRef

243. MowschensonPM, CritchlowJF, PeppercornMA. Ileoanal pouch operation: long‐term outcome with or without diverting ileostomy. Arch Surg2000;135:463. CrossRef

244. GalandiukS, WolffBG, DozoisRR, et al.Ileal pouchanal anastomosis without ileostomy. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:870. CrossRef

245. TjandraJJ, FazioVW. Current status of ileoanal reservoirs: 1992. J ET Nurs1993;20:56.

246. ZivY, ChurchJM, FazioVW, et al.Effect of systemic steroids on ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:504. CrossRef

247. GorfineSR, GelerntIM, BauerJJ, et al.Restorative proctocolectomy without diverting ileostomy. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:188. CrossRef

248. GelerntIM, BauerJJ, KreelI. The reservoir ileostomy: early experience with 54 patients. Ann Surg1977;185:179. CrossRef

249. EckerKW, HabererM, FeifelG. Conversion of the failing ileoanal pouch to reservoir‐ileostomy rather than to ileostomy alone. Dis Colon Rectum1996;39:977. CrossRef

250. GelerntIM, BauerJJ, KreelI. Continent ileostomy in the pediatric patient. J Pediatr Surg1976;11:773. CrossRef

251. GelerntIM, BauerJJ, KreelI. The continent ileostomy in the pediatric patient. Hosp Pract1977;12:64.

252. BeahrsOH, KellyKA, AdsonMA, et al.Ileostomy with ileal reservoir rather than ileostomy alone. Ann Surg1974;179:634. CrossRef

253. BeartRWJr, BeahrsOH, KellyKA, et al.The continent ileostomy: a viable alternative. Mayo Clin Proc1979;54:643.

254. KohlerLW, PembertonJH, ZinsmeisterAR, et al.Quality of life after proctocolectomy. A comparison of Brooke ileostomy, Kock pouch, and ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. Gastroenterology1991;101:679.

255. McKeeRF, KeenanRA, MunroA. Colectomy for acute colitis: is it safe to close the rectal stump?Int J Colorectal Dis1995;10:222. CrossRef

256. GalandiukS, PembertonJH, TsaoJ, et al.Delayed ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. Complications and functional results. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:755. CrossRef

257. FleshnerPR, MichelassiF, RubinM, et al.Morbidity of subtotal colectomy in patients with severe ulcerative colitis unresponsive to cyclosporin. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:1241. CrossRef

258. CarterFM, McLeodRS, CohenZ. Subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis: complications related to the rectal remnant. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:1005. CrossRef

259. PaoluziOA, Di PaoloMC, RicciF, et al.Ileo‐rectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis: results of a long‐term follow‐up study. Ital J Gastroenterol1994;26:392.

260. LofbergR, LeijonmarckCE, BrostromO, et al.Mucosal dysplasia and DNA content in ulcerative colitis patients with ileorectal anastomosis. Follow‐up study in a defined patient group. Dis Colon Rectum1991;34:566. CrossRef

261. ParcR, LegrandM, FrileuxP, et al.Comparative clinical results of ileal‐pouch anal anastomosis and ileorectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis. Hepatogastroenterology1989;36:235.

262. SaitoY, SawadaT, TsunoN, et al.Total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol1995;30(Suppl 8):131. CrossRef

263. KunitakeH, HodinR, ShellitoPC, et al.Perioperative treatment with infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is not associated with an increased rate of postoperative complications. J Gastrointest Surg2008;12:1730; discussion 1736. CrossRef

264. ReissmanP, SalkyBA, PfeiferJ, et al. Laparoscopic surgery in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Surg1996;171:47; discussion 50. CrossRef

265. LarsonDW, DaviesMM, DozoisEJ, et al.Sexual function, body image, and quality of life after laparoscopic and open ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum2008;51:392. CrossRef

266. JacobsM, VerdejaJC, GoldsteinHS. Minimally invasive colon resection (laparoscopic colectomy). Surg Laparosc Endosc1991;1:144.

267. GuillouPJ, QuirkeP, ThorpeH, et al.Short‐term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic‐assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet2005;365:1718. CrossRef

268. VeldkampR, KuhryE, HopWC, et al.Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: short‐term outcomes of a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol2005;6:477. CrossRef

269. BonjerHJ, HopWC, NelsonH, et al.Laparoscopically assisted vs open colectomy for colon cancer: a meta‐analysis. Arch Surg2007;142:298. CrossRef

270. CasillasS, DelaneyCP, SenagoreAJ, et al.Does conversion of a laparoscopic colectomy adversely affect patient outcome?Dis Colon Rectum2004;47:1680. CrossRef

271. PandyaS, MurrayJJ, CollerJA, et al.Laparoscopic colectomy: indications for conversion to laparotomy. Arch Surg1999;134:471. CrossRef

272. AppauKA, FazioVW, ShenB, et al.Use of infliximab within 3 months of ileocolonic resection is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes in Crohn's patients. J Gastrointest Surg2008;12:1738. CrossRef

273. BemelmanWA, SlorsJF, DunkerMS, et al.Laparoscopic‐assisted vs. open ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease. A comparative study. Surg Endosc2000;14:721. CrossRef

274. LowneyJK, DietzDW, BirnbaumEH, et al.Is there any difference in recurrence rates in laparoscopic ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease compared with conventional surgery? A long‐term, follow‐up study. Dis Colon Rectum2006;49:58. CrossRef

275. LesperanceK, MartinMJ, LehmannR, et al.National trends and outcomes for the surgical therapy of ileocolonic Crohn's disease: a population‐based analysis of laparoscopic vs. open approaches. J Gastrointest Surg2009;13:1251. CrossRef

276. BenoistS, PanisY, BeaufourA, et al. Laparoscopic ileocecal resection in Crohn's disease: a case‐matched comparison with open resection. Surg Endosc2003;17:814. CrossRef

277. BergamaschiR, PessauxP, ArnaudJP. Comparison of conventional and laparoscopic ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum2003;46:1129. CrossRef

278. HuilgolRL, WrightCM, SolomonMJ. Laparoscopic versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A2004;14:61. CrossRef

279. AlabazO, IroatulamAJ, NessimA, et al.Comparison of laparoscopically assisted and conventional ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease. Eur J Surg2000;166:213. CrossRef

280. FicheraA, PengSL, ElisseouNM, et al.Laparoscopy or conventional open surgery for patients with ileocolonic Crohn's disease? A prospective study. Surgery2007;142:566; discussion 571 e1. CrossRef

281. Young‐FadokTM, HallLongK, McConnellEJ, et al.Advantages of laparoscopic resection for ileocolic Crohn's disease. Improved outcomes and reduced costs. Surg Endosc2001;15:450. CrossRef

282. MaartenseS, DunkerMS, SlorsJF, et al.Laparoscopic‐assisted versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease: a randomized trial. Ann Surg2006;243:143; discussion 150. CrossRef

283. EshuisEJ, SlorsJF, StokkersPC, et al.Long‐term outcomes following laparoscopically assisted versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease. Br J Surg2010;97:563. CrossRef

284. ThalerK, DinnewitzerA, OberwalderM, et al.Assessment of long‐term quality of life after laparoscopic and open surgery for Crohn's disease. Colorectal Dis2005;7:375. CrossRef

285. MilsomJW, HammerhoferKA, BöhmB, et al.Prospective, randomized trial comparing laparoscopic vs. conventional surgery for refractory ileocolic Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum2001;44:1; discussion 8. CrossRef

286. StocchiL, MilsomJW, FazioVW. Long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease: follow‐up of a prospective randomized trial. Surgery2008;144:622; discussion 627. CrossRef

287. DasariBV, McKayD, GardinerK. Laparoscopic versus Open surgery for small bowel Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2011;(1):CD006956.

288. RosmanAS, MelisM, FicheraA. Metaanalysis of trials comparing laparoscopic and open surgery for Crohn's disease. Surg Endosc2005;19:1549. CrossRef

289. TanJJ, TjandraJJ. Laparoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease: a meta‐analysis. Dis Colon Rectum2007;50:576. CrossRef

290. TilneyHS, ConstantinidesVA, HeriotAG, et al.Comparison of laparoscopic and open ileocecal resection for Crohn's disease: a metaanalysis. Surg Endosc2006;20:1036. CrossRef

291. SeymourNE, KavicSM. Laparoscopic management of complex Crohn's disease. JSLS2003;7:117.

292. BrouquetA, BretagnolF, SopraniA, et al.A laparoscopic approach to iterative ileocolonic resection for the recurrence of Crohn's disease. Surg Endosc2010;24:879. CrossRef

293. HamelCT, HildebrandtU, WeissEG, et al.Laparoscopic surgery for inflammatory bowel disease. Surg Endosc2001;15:642. CrossRef

294. UmanskiyK, MalhotraG, ChaseA, et al.Laparoscopic colectomy for Crohn's colitis. A large prospective comparative study. J Gastrointest Surg2010;14:658. CrossRef

295. PetersWR. Laparoscopic total proctocolectomy with creation of ileostomy for ulcerative colitis: report of two cases. J Laparoendosc Surg1992;2:175. CrossRef

296. WexnerSD, JohansenOB, NoguerasJJ, et al.Laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy. A prospective trial. Dis Colon Rectum1992;35:651. CrossRef

297. LarsonDW, JohansenOB, NoguerasJJ, et al.Laparoscopic‐assisted vs. open ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis: functional outcome in a case‐matched series. Dis Colon Rectum2005;48:1845. CrossRef

298. MarcelloPW, MilsomJW, WongSK, et al.Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy: case‐matched comparative study with open restorative proctocolectomy. Dis Colon Rectum2000;43:604. CrossRef

299. MeierAH, RothL, CilleyRE, et al.Completely minimally invasive approach to restorative total proctocolectomy with j‐pouch construction in children. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech2007;17:418. CrossRef

300. LarsonDW, CimaRR, DozoisEJ, et al.Safety, feasibility, and short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic ileal‐pouch‐anal anastomosis: a single institutional case‐matched experience. Ann Surg2006;243:667; discussion 670. CrossRef

301. ArakiY, IshibashiN, OgataY, et al.The usefulness of restorative laparoscopic‐assisted total colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Kurume Med J2001;48:99. CrossRef

302. DunkerMS, BemelmanWA, SlorsJF, et al.Functional outcome, quality of life, body image, and cosmesis in patients after laparoscopic‐assisted and conventional restorative proctocolectomy: a comparative study. Dis Colon Rectum2001;44:1800. CrossRef

303. HashimotoA, FunayamaY, NaitoH, et al.Laparascope‐assisted versus conventional restorative proctocolectomy with rectal mucosectomy. Surg Today2001;31:210. CrossRef

304. SchmittSL, CohenSM, WexnerSD, et al.Does laparoscopic‐assisted ileal pouch anal anastomosis reduce the length of hospitalization?Int J Colorectal Dis1994;9:134. CrossRef

305. MaartenseS, DunkerMS, SlorsJF, et al.Hand‐assisted laparoscopic versus open restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis: a randomized trial. Ann Surg2004;240:984; discussion 991. CrossRef

306. PolleSW, DunkerMS, SlorsJF, et al.Body image, cosmesis, quality of life, and functional outcome of hand‐assisted laparoscopic versus open restorative proctocolectomy: long‐term results of a randomized trial. Surg Endosc2007;21:1301. CrossRef

307. Ahmed AliU, KeusF, HeikensJT, et al.Open versus laparoscopic (assisted) ileo pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2009;(1):CD006267.

308. WuXJ, HeXS, ZhouXY, et al.The role of laparoscopic surgery for ulcerative colitis: systematic review with meta‐analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis2010;25:949. CrossRef

309. FicheraA, SilvestriMT, HurstRD, et al.Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis: a comparative observational study on long‐term functional results. J Gastrointest Surg2009;13:526. CrossRef

310. MarcelloPW, MilsomJW, WongSK, et al.Laparoscopic total colectomy for acute colitis: a case‐control study. Dis Colon Rectum2001;44:1441. CrossRef

311. KyAJ, SonodaT, MilsomJW. One‐stage laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy: an alternative to the conventional approach?Dis Colon Rectum2002;45:207; discussion 210. CrossRef

312. MorIJ, VogelJD, da Luz MoreiraA, et al.Infliximab in ulcerative colitis is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications after restorative proctocolectomy. Dis Colon Rectum2008;51:1202; discussion 1207. CrossRef

313. SelvasekarCR, CimaRR, LarsonDW, et al.Effect of infliximab on short‐term complications in patients undergoing operation for chronic ulcerative colitis. J Am Coll Surg2007;204:956; discussion 962. CrossRef

314. HeuschenUA, AllemeyerEH, HinzU, et al.Outcome after septic complications in J pouch procedures. Br J Surg2002;89:194. CrossRef

315. LimWC, HanauerSB. Emerging biologic therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. Rev Gastroenterol Disord2004;4:66.

316. HeuschenUA, HinzU, AllemeyerEH, et al.Risk factors for ileoanal J pouch‐related septic complications in ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Ann Surg2002;235:207. CrossRef

317. PandeyS, LutherG, UmanskiyK, et al.Minimally invasive pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis: is there a benefit in staging?Dis Colon Rectum2011;54:306. CrossRef

318. BellRL, SeymourNE. Laparoscopic treatment of fulminant ulcerative colitis. Surg Endosc2002;16:1778. CrossRef

319. AdairJ, GromskiMA, LimRB, et al.Single‐incision laparoscopic right colectomy: experience with 17 consecutive cases and comparison with multiport laparoscopic right colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum2010;53:1549. CrossRef

320. ChampagneBJ, LeeEC, LeblancF, et al.Single‐incision vs straight laparoscopic segmental colectomy: a case‐controlled study. Dis Colon Rectum2011;54:183. CrossRef

321. GandhiDP, RagupathiM, PatelCB, et al.Single‐incision versus hand‐assisted laparoscopic colectomy: a case‐matched series. J Gastrointest Surg2010;14:1875. CrossRef

322. RossH, SteeleS, WhitefordM, et al.Early multi‐institution experience with single‐incision laparoscopic colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum2011;54:187. CrossRef

323. ChambersW, BicsakM, LamparelliM, et al.Single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in complex colorectal surgery: a technique offering potential and not just cosmesis. Colorectal Dis2011;13:393. CrossRef

324. LeroyJ, CahillRA, AsakumaM, et al.Single‐access laparoscopic sigmoidectomy as definitive surgical management of prior diverticulitis in a human patient. Arch Surg2009;144:173; discussion 179. CrossRef

325. RemziFH, KiratHT, KaoukJH, et al.Single‐port laparoscopy in colorectal surgery. Colorectal Dis2008;10:823. CrossRef

326. GeislerDP, CondonET, RemziFH. Single incision laparoscopic total proctocolectomy with ileopouch anal anastomosis. Colorectal Dis2010;12:941. CrossRef

327. RemziFH, KiratHT, GeislerDP. Laparoscopic single‐port colectomy for sigmoid cancer. Tech Coloproctol2010;14:253. CrossRef

328. BucherP, PuginF, MorelP. Single‐port access laparoscopic radical left colectomy in humans. Dis Colon Rectum2009;52:1797. CrossRef

329. CahillRA, LindseyI, JonesO, et al.Single‐port laparoscopic total colectomy for medically uncontrolled colitis. Dis Colon Rectum2010;53:1143. CrossRef

330. BoniL, DionigiG, CassinottiE, et al.Single incision laparoscopic right colectomy. Surg Endosc2010;24:3233. CrossRef

331. BrunnerW, SchirnhoferJ, Waldstein‐WartenbergN, et al.Single incision laparoscopic sigmoid colon resections without visible scar: a novel technique. Colorectal Dis2010;12:66. CrossRef

332. LeblancF, MakhijaR, ChampagneBJ, et al.Single incision laparoscopic total colectomy and proctocolectomy for benign disease – Initial experience. Colorectal Dis2011;13:1290. CrossRef

333. PietrasantaD, RomanoN, ProsperiV, et al.Single‐incision laparoscopic right colectomy for cancer: a single‐centre preliminary experience. Updates Surg2010;62:111. CrossRef

334. LeblancF, ChampagneBJ, AugestadKM, et al.Single incision laparoscopic colectomy: technical aspects, feasibility, and expected benefits. Diagn Ther Endosc2010;2010:913216. CrossRef

335. LawWL, FanJK, PoonJT. Single‐incision laparoscopic colectomy: early experience. Dis Colon Rectum2010;53:284. CrossRef

336. UematsuD, AkiyamaG, MagishiA, et al.Single‐access laparoscopic colectomy with a novel multiport device in sigmoid colectomy for colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum2010;53:496. CrossRef

337. FicheraA, ZoccaliM, GulloR. Single incision (“scarless”) laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy for ulcerative colitis. J Gastrointest Surg2011;15:1247. CrossRef

338. MarcelloPW, SchoetzDJJr, RobertsPL, et al.Evolutionary changes in the pathologic diagnosis after the ileoanal pouch procedure. Dis Colon Rectum1997;40:263. CrossRef

339. McIntyrePB, PembertonJH, WolffBG, et al.Indeterminate colitis. Long‐term outcome in patients after ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum1995;38:51. CrossRef

340. PriceAB. Overlap in the spectrum of non‐specific inflammatory bowel disease –“colitis indeterminate”. J Clin Pathol1978;31:567. CrossRef

341. YuCS, PembertonJH, LarsonD. Ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis in patients with indeterminate colitis: long‐term results. Dis Colon Rectum2000;43:1487. CrossRef

342. KangasE, MatikainenM, MattilaJ. Is “indeterminate colitis” Crohn's disease in the long‐term follow‐up?Int Surg1994;79:120.

343. BodzinJH, KleinSN, PriestSG. Ileoproctostomy is preferred over ileoanal pull‐through in patients with indeterminate colitis. Am Surg1995;61:590.

344. FazioVW, GalandiukS, JagelmanDG, et al.Strictureplasty in Crohn's disease. Ann Surg1989;210:621. CrossRef

345. ShahrifH, Alexander‐WilliamsJ. The role of strictureplasty in Crohn's disease. Int Surg1992;77:15.

346. BellRHJr, RikkersLF, MulhollandMW(eds). Digestive Tract Surgery: A Text and Atlas. Philadelphia: Lippincott‐Raven; 1996: 1201.

347. HurstR. Proctocolectomy with ileostomy, abdominal colectomy with ileostomy, and abdominal colectomy with ileoproctostomy. In: MichelassiF, MilsomJW(eds). Operative Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. New York: Springer‐Verlag; 1999: 157. CrossRef

348. MichelassiF, TakanishiD, McLeodRS, et al.Ileal reservoirs. In: MichelassiF, MilsomJW(eds). Operative Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. New York: Springer‐Verlag; 1999: 186. CrossRef

349. BlockGE, MichelassiF, TanakaM, et al.Crohn's disease. Curr Probl Surg1993;30:173. CrossRef

350. RadiceE, NelsonH, MercillS, et al.Primary myocutaneous flap closure following resection of locally advanced pelvic malignancies.Br J Surg1999;86:349. CrossRef